Treatment of Bilateral Retinoblastoma by Irradiation and Surgery*

Reese, Algernon B.; Merriam, George R.; Martin, Hayes

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(49)90132-4

Cited by 92 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Reese et al (1949) reported two second tumours following treatment of 55 cases of bilateral retinoblastoma with combined radiation and surgery, and the high risk of second malignant neoplasms in retinoblastoma survivors has subsequently been well documented (Aherne, 1974;Abramson et al, 1976;Meadows et al, 1980;. These second primary neoplasms can often be attributed to radiotherapy but many cases have been reported of second tumours occurring outside the field of radiation treatment (Aherne, 1974;Abramson et al, 1976), and, in some instances, where no radiotherapy had been given (Abramson et al, 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Second primary neoplasms in patients with retinoblastoma

Draper¹,

Sanders²,

Kingston³

1986

Br J Cancer

527

240

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Summary In a series of 882 retinoblastoma patients, 384 known to have the genetic form of the disease and 498 others, 30 patients developed second primary neoplasms. The spectrum of these second neoplasms is discussed in relation to the forms of treatment used for the retinoblastoma. Cumulative incidence rates of second tumours in the whole series are 2.0% at 12 years after diagnosis and 4.2% after 18 years. For patients with the genetic form of retinoblastoma the cumulative incidence rate after 18 years is 8.4% for all second neoplasms and 6.0% for osteosarcomas alone. The inherent risk among survivors from genetic retinoblastoma of developing an osteosarcoma, excluding all possible effects of treatment, is estimated to be 2.2% after 18 years. Within the field of radiation treatment the cumulative incidence rate for all second neoplasms after 18 years is 6.6% and for osteosarcomas alone 3.7%. There is some evidence that patients with genetic retinoblastoma are particularly sensitive to the carcinogenic effects of radiation. The results also suggest that the use of cyclophosphamide may increase the risk of second primary neoplasms in patients with genetic retinoblastoma. The incidence rates of second primary neoplasms in retinoblastoma survivors reported here are lower than those quoted for previously published series. Evidence from this and other papers strongly suggests an association between retinoblastoma and malignant melanoma.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Second primary neoplasms in patients with retinoblastoma

Draper¹,

Sanders²,

Kingston³

1986

Br J Cancer

527

240

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“…The association between retinoblastoma and osteosarcomas occurring either within or outside the radiation field is well recognised (Reese et al, 1949;Abramson et al, 1976). In addition, there appears to be a specific association between retinoblastoma and other types of sarcoma and possibly also with melanoma (DerKinderen et al, 1986 , 49 (Tucker et al, 1984).…”

Section: Treatment Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of multiple primary tumours in patients treated for cancer during childhood

Kingston

Hawkins²,

Draper³

et al. 1987

Br J Cancer

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Summary One hundred and sixty one children who have developed more than one primary neoplasm have been identified. Children with tumours of the central nervous system, retinoblastoma and leukaemia were those most frequently observed to develop a second malignancy whilst osteosarcoma was the most common second tumour. The patterns of second neoplasms appear to be changing and a recent increase in the number of children with leukaemia and lymphoma who develop second primary tumours has been observed. In this series, the two most frequent associations of tumours were retinoblastoma followed by osteosarcoma and the combination of acute leukaemia with a tumour of the central nervous system. Genetic factors which may have contributed to the development of the second primary tumour were identified in 53 patients (33%), 33 of whom had the genetic form of retinoblastoma. In an analysis of the treatment of 151 patients, for whom the interval between the two neoplasms was greater than 12 months, the second malignancy was considered to be 'radiation associated' in 93 (61%). Fifty children (33%) had been treated with either single or multiple agent chemotherapy which included an alkylating agent in 38. Forty five children had received a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and of these, 10 developed leukaemia as their second tumour. Of the 19 secondary leukaemias, 16 have occurred in patients treated since 1970.About one in 10,000 children in Britain develop cancer each year (Draper et al., 1982). At present about 50% of these children can be expected to survive for at least five years which means that there are -600 patients each year who will become 'long term' survivors. A large proportion of these survivors will reach adulthood, potentially 'cured' of their tumours. Recently however, the considerable optimism engendered amongst clinicians by this improvement in survival has been tempered by a growing awareness that patients who have been successfully treated for one cancer appear to be at greater risk than the general population of developing a second histologically distinct malignancy (Li, 1977;Mike et al., 1982;Meadows et al., 1985;Hawkins et al., 1987). Although the occurrence of multiple primary tumours in any individual may reflect an inherent predisposition to cancer, it is likely that the therapies given to eradicate the first tumour are significant factors in the pathogenesis of many, perhaps most, second primary tumours.In an attempt to discern possible aetiological factors in the development of multiple primary tumours in childhood cancer patients, a registry has been established to identify those patients treated in Britain who develop second malignancies. The patterns of multiple tumours in these patients are the subject of this study. In this report we describe 161 patients who have developed more than one primary neoplasm and examine the various factors which may have influenced the development of the second primary tumour. We have not attempted to estimate the risk of developing a second tumour in ...

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“…More than 70 cases of radiation-induced osteosarcomas of the orbit in retinoblastoma patients are known at the present time [Velhagen, 1947;Cahan et al, 1948;Reese et al, 1949;Tebbet and Vickery, 1952;Fran çois, 1953;Skolnik et al, 1956;Zimmer man and Ingalls, 1957, 3 cases;Walsh, 1957;Forrest, 1961, 2 cases;Chinaglia and Calzavara, 1965;Soloway, 1966, 3 cases;Kim et al, 1967;Yoneneyama and Green law, 1969;Sagerman et al, 1969, 9 cases;Garcia Alix and Otero, 1970;Jensen and Miller, 1971;Lennox et al, 1975, 8 cases. Although rarer, other radiation-induced malignant tumours have been observed in retinoblastoma patients (13 cases) : Reese et al [1949]: one rhabdomyosarcoma of the temporal muscle, one scar tissue sarcoma at the site of the temporal portal; Paufique [1953]: reticulosarcoma of the temporal region; Pettit et al [1954]: fibrosarcoma in the irradiated area; Forrest [1961]: 2 cases of fibrosarcomas, respectively, of the temple and the nose and 1 case of undifferentiated sarcoma of the orbit; Dollfus et al [1962]: fibrosarcoma of the orbit; Frezzotti and Guerra [1963]: fibrosarcoma of the nose; Raivio and Tarkkanen [1965]: fibrosar coma of the orbit; Ushigome et al [1972]: fibrosarcoma of the forehead ;Lommatzsch and Werner [1975]: rcticulosarcoma of the orbit; Lennox et al [1975]: 1 case of angiosarcoma and 1 case of fibrosarcoma.…”

Section: Radiation-induced Osteogenic Sarcomas In Retinoblastoma Patimentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoblastoma and Osteogenic Sarcoma

François¹

1977

Ophthalmologica

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Treatment of Bilateral Retinoblastoma by Irradiation and Surgery*

Cited by 92 publications

References 3 publications

Second primary neoplasms in patients with retinoblastoma

Second primary neoplasms in patients with retinoblastoma

Patterns of multiple primary tumours in patients treated for cancer during childhood

Retinoblastoma and Osteogenic Sarcoma

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