Treatment of complex heavy metal wastewater using a multi-staged ferrite process

Selective and fast recovery of neodymium from seawater by magnetic iron oxide Fe3O4

“…It is known that hydrothermally ferrite process was used to treat wastewater that containing heavy metals [23][24][25][26][27]. The formation equation of this magnetic iron oxide from hydrothermally ferrite process could be expressed as Eq.…”

“…The formation equation of this magnetic iron oxide from hydrothermally ferrite process could be expressed as Eq. (1) [23,28]:…”

Effects of nitrate on the treatment of lead contaminated groundwater by nanoscale zerovalent iron

“…(1)) will increase solution pH (to <10) from the accumulation of hydroxyl ions [19,31], which could possibly enhance heavy metal removal through precipitation and the ferrite formation process (Eqs. (2) and (3)) [32,33]. As shown in Eq.…”

“…As shown in Eq. (2), Pb 2+ ions may be incorporated into the lattice points of ferrites (Pb x Fe 3−x O 4 ) during their formation through co-precipitation [32]. Ferrite formation occurs mainly via oxidation of Fe 2+ at high pH and temperature in the presence of an oxidant (Eq.…”

“…Ferrite formation occurs mainly via oxidation of Fe 2+ at high pH and temperature in the presence of an oxidant (Eq. (2)) [32]. Although dissolved oxygen can be limited or even non-existent in nZVI reaction systems (which means Eq.…”