Treatment of dyslipidaemia in childhood

Kusters, D. Meeike; Vissers, Maud N.; Wiegman, Albert; Kastelein, John J.P.; Hutten, Barbara A.

doi:10.1517/14656561003592169

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Atherosclerosis is a chronic degenerative process that could be already present during childhood and can evolve over time to clinically complicated CVD [4]. The cardiovascular risk factors may act at any age, even in utero [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating miR-33a and miR-33b are up-regulated in familial hypercholesterolaemia in paediatric age

et al. 2015

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Hypercholesterolaemia is one of the major causes of CVD (cardiovascular disease). It is associated with enhanced oxidative stress, leading to increased lipid peroxidation which in turn determines endothelial dysfunction and susceptibility to coronary vasoconstriction and atherosclerosis. Different miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of CVD and play an important role in inflammatory process control, therefore, together with atherogenic factors, they can stimulate atherosclerotic degeneration of the vessel walls of arteries. miR-33a and miR-33b play a pivotal role in a variety of biological processes including cholesterol homoeostasis, HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol formation, fatty acid oxidation and insulin signalling. Our study aimed to determine whether circulating miR-33a and miR-33b expression was altered in familial hypercholesterolaemic children. Total RNA was extracted from plasma, and miR-33a and miR-33b were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. We found that miR-33a and miR-33b were significantly up-regulated in the plasma of 28 hypercholesterolaemic children compared with 25 healthy subjects (4.49±0.27-fold increase, P<0.001, and 3.21±0.39-fold increase, P<0.05 respectively), and for both miRNAs, a positive correlation with total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, apolipoprotein B, CRP (C-reactive protein) and glycaemia was found. OLS (ordinary least squares) regression analysis revealed that miR-33a was significantly affected by the presence of FH (familial hypercholesterolaemia), glycaemia and CRP (P<0.001, P<0.05 and P<0.05 respectively). The same analysis showed that miR-33b was significantly related to FH and CRP (P<0.05 and P<0.05 respectively). Although it is only explorative, the present study could be the first to point to the use of miR-33a and miR-33b as early biomarkers for cholesterol levels in childhood, once validated in independent larger cohorts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating miR-33a and miR-33b are up-regulated in familial hypercholesterolaemia in paediatric age

et al. 2015

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“…27 In view of this observation, early screening of blood lipid values in children and adolescents can indeed be warranted from the point of view of cardiovascular disease prevention. 28 To do this in a scientifically sound way, the availability of valid data on normal blood lipid distributions is an imperative premise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood lipids among young children in Europe. Results from the European IDEFICS study

et al. 2015

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on behalf of the IDEFICS consortium BACKGROUND: Measurement of cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) fractions in blood has become standard practice in the early detection of atherosclerotic disease pathways. Considerable attention is given nowadays to the presence of these risk factors in children and to start preventive campaigns early in life. In this context, it is imperative to have valid comparative frameworks for interpretation of lipid levels. The aim of this study is to present sex-and age-specific reference values on blood lipid levels in European children aged 2.0-10.9 years. METHODS: Fasting blood was obtained via either venipuncture or capillary sampling. In 13 579 European non-obese children (50.3% boys), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), TG and TC/HDL-C ratio levels were measured with a point-of-care analyser (Cholestech). Sex-and age-specific reference values were computed with the GAMLSS method with the statistical software R. RESULTS: Reference curves and 1st, 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 97th and 99th percentile values are presented. HDL-C showed a positive trend with age, from 2 years onwards, but was relatively stable above the age of 7. For LDL-C and TC, linear but small age-related trends were seen. The TC/HDL-C values showed a gradual negative trend from the age of 2 up to 6 and were relatively stable afterwards. For TG, no age trend was found (P = 0.285). Boys had higher mean HDL-C values than girls (1.414 vs 1.368 mmol l

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“…Overall, there are issues of compliance with cholestyramine, especially in studies with children, where there have been reports of inconvenient administration (unpleasant texture of cholestyramine) and gastrointestinal adverse effects, including abdominal bloating and loss of appetite, as well as suggestion of interference with uptake of fat-soluble vitamins (89). In general, there are challenges related to tolerability of optimal dosages (79, 86) because cholestyramine is usually prescribed as a powder with a gritty taste and therefore treatment has low compliance (86, 88). …”

Section: Therapeutic Approaches In Treatment Of Sitosterolemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Sterols, Stanols, and Sitosterolemia

Ajagbe

Othman

Myrie

2015

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL

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Phytosterolemia (sitosterolemia) is a rare autosomal recessive sterol storage disease caused by mutations in either of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette transporter genes; (ABC)G5 or ABCG8, leading to impaired elimination of plant sterols and stanols, with their increased accumulation in the blood and tissues. Thus the disease is characterized by substantially elevated serum plant sterols and stanols, with moderate to high plasma cholesterol levels, and increased risk of premature atherosclerosis. Hematologic abnormalities including macrothrombocytopenia, stomatocytosis and hemolysis are frequently observed in sitosterolemia patients. Currently, ezetimibe, a sterol absorption inhibitor, is used as the routine treatment for sitosterolemia, with reported improvement in plant sterol levels and hemolytic parameters. This review summarizes the research related to the health impact of plant sterols and stanols on sitosterolemia.

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Treatment of dyslipidaemia in childhood

Abstract: Dyslipidaemia may require early diagnosis and management, especially when it is familial with elevated cholesterol levels from birth onwards. If target goals for low-density lipoprotein reduction cannot be reached with lifestyle modification, drug therapy can be considered.

Cited by 9 publications

References 118 publications

Circulating miR-33a and miR-33b are up-regulated in familial hypercholesterolaemia in paediatric age

Circulating miR-33a and miR-33b are up-regulated in familial hypercholesterolaemia in paediatric age

Blood lipids among young children in Europe. Results from the European IDEFICS study

Plant Sterols, Stanols, and Sitosterolemia

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