Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL/J mice with a replicative HSV-1 vector expressing interleukin-5

Abstract

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system and is used as the experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The exact mechanism behind the disease is still unknown, but interleukin (IL)-17 expressing T cells are thought to mediate the disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known to have a role in the innate immune response against pathogens, and several TLRs have also a role in the disease course of EAE. Here, we show that treatment with a herpes simplex virus type 1 vector expressing the Th2 cytokine IL-5 ameliorates EAE and decreases the numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes in the brain. The effect involves downregulation of TLR 2, 3 and 9 mRNA expression and upregulation of type I interferons (IFNs) in brains during onset of disease. The elevated expression of type I IFNs was also observed during recovery.

Carriage of herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus in oral mucosa is rare in young women: A long-term prospective follow-up

“…HSV-1 and -2 DNA detection was performed with a quantitative real-time PCR using Rotor-Gene Q Series Software version 1.7 (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), as described earlier [24]. Primer and probe sequences for HSV-1 and -2 were from the glycoprotein D (gD) gene [25] and are shown in Table 1.…”

The expanding role(s) of eosinophils in health and disease

“…Multiple sclerosis primarily involves the brain and spinal cord and is considered a Th1/Th17 autoimmune disease. Mouse models of multiple sclerosis (experimental allergic encephalomyelitis) generated by immunizing animals with myelin protein peptides also have demonstrated a role (although largely undefined) for Th2 cytokines (eg, IL-4 106 and IL-5 107 ), and possibly eosinophils in disease suppression. Neuromyelitis optica is a similar disease now thought to be an autoimmune reaction to aquaporin-4 targeting the spinal cord and optic nerve.…”

The combined effects of irradiation and herpes simplex virus type 1 infection on an immortal gingival cell line

“…The averages were calculated from every triplicate analysis and the results were normalized against the GAPDH housekeeping gene mRNA levels (Applied Biosystems), except for HSV gene expression (VP16 and ICP27), where in-house GAPDH was used. The quantitative VP16 (α-TIF) mRNA RT-PCR was done as described previously [50] using the primers for HSV-1 VP16 as described by Broberg et al [51]. The quantitative ICP27 (UL54) mRNA RT-PCR was done similarly, using the primers for ICP27 (Paavilainen H et al unpublished data).…”