Treatment of Graves Hyperthyroidism with Thionamides-Derived Drugs: Review

García‐Mayor, Ricardo V.; Larrañaga, Alejandra

doi:10.2174/1573406411006040239

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Tabazole is added to prevent dyslipidemia caused by abnormal thyroid gland in mice [22–26]; sucrose is added because it is difficult to retain fat without the calorie consumption of sugar, which leads to a longer test cycle [27, 28].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of β-sitosterol self-microemulsion and β-sitosterol ester with linoleic acid on lipid-lowering in hyperlipidemic mice

et al. 2019

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Background The hypolipidemic effect of phytosterols has been wildely recognized, but its application is limited due to its insolubility in water and low solubility in oil. In this study, β-sitosterol ester with linoleic acids and β-sitosterol self-microemulsions were prepared and their hypolipidemic effects on hyperlipidemia mice were studied. Methods Firstly, the mice were randomly divided into normal group and model group,they were fed with basic diet and high-fat diet for 70 days respectively. After high-fat model mice was successfully established, the model group was further divided into eight groups: HFD (high-fat diet feeding), SELA-TSO(8 ml/kg, SELA:700 mg/kg), TSO (8 ml/kg), SSSM (8 ml/kg,SS:700 mg/kg), NLSM (8 ml/kg), SSHT-TSO (8 ml/kg, SS: 700 mg/kg) and SS-TSO (8 ml/kg, SS: 700 mg/kg) groups, and treated with β-sitosterol ester with linoleic acid, β-sitosterol self-microemulsion, commercial β-sitosterol health tablets and β-sitosterol powder for 35 days, respectively, and blank control groups were established. At the end of the treatment period, the blood lipid level, tissues, cholesterol and lipids in feces of mice in each group were investigated. Statistical and analytical data with SPSS 17.0 Software,statistical significance was set at p * < 0.05 and p ** < 0.01 levels . Results The order of lowering blood lipid effect is listed as: SSSM> SELA-TSO > SSHT-TSO > SS-TSO, which shows that β-sitosterolself-microemulsion have the highest treatment effect among the experimental groups. Conclusions In this study, a new formulation of β-sitosterol was developed, and its hypolipidemic effect was investigated. The results showed that β-sitosterol self-microemulsion has a good blood lipid lowering effect.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of β-sitosterol self-microemulsion and β-sitosterol ester with linoleic acid on lipid-lowering in hyperlipidemic mice

et al. 2019

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“…More common side effects for both methimazole and PTU include fever, rash, arthritis, nausea, anorexia, and loss of taste or smell. (Weetman, 2000;Garcia-Mayor, 2010) The incidence of thioamide side effects is similar among pregnant and non-pregnant women. Side effects to methimazole are dose-related; PTU is less dose-related (Garcia-Mayor, 2010).…”

Section: Thioamidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Weetman, 2000;Garcia-Mayor, 2010) The incidence of thioamide side effects is similar among pregnant and non-pregnant women. Side effects to methimazole are dose-related; PTU is less dose-related (Garcia-Mayor, 2010). Cross reactivity to thioamide-induced adverse events between the two agents may be as high as 50% (Garcia-Mayor, 2010).…”

Section: Thioamidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Graves’ Disease During Pregnancy

Bailey¹

2012

A New Look at Hypothyroidism

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“…Propylthiouracil (PTU) is an anti-thyroid agent and an inhibitor of thyroid peroxidase (TPO), it plays a role in inhibiting iodide oxidation and monoiodotyrosine iodination, interferes with the synthesis of thyroxine (T4) production, and blocks the peripheral conversion of T4 to triiodothyronine [ 10 ]. Perchlorate (KClO 4 ) competitively inhibits iodide uptake into the thyroid at the sodium/iodine symporter (NIS), decreases intrathyroidal iodide content, and interrupts hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis homeostasis [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propylthiouracil, Perchlorate, and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Modulate High Concentrations of Iodide Instigated Mitochondrial Superoxide Production in the Thyroids of Metallothionein I/II Knockout Mice

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2016

Endocrinol Metab

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BackgroundIncreased oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the underlying mechanisms in iodide excess-induced thyroid disease. Metallothioneins (MTs) are regarded as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oxidative stress. Our aim is to investigate the effects of propylthiouracil (PTU), a thyroid peroxidase inhibitor, perchlorate (KClO4), a competitive inhibitor of iodide transport, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on mitochondrial superoxide production instigated by high concentrations of iodide in the thyroids of MT-I/II knockout (MT-I/II KO) mice.MethodsEight-week-old 129S7/SvEvBrd-Mt1tm1Bri Mt2tm1Bri/J (MT-I/II KO) mice and background-matched wild type (WT) mice were used.ResultsBy using a mitochondrial superoxide indicator (MitoSOX Red), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, we demonstrated that the decreased relative viability and increased LDH release and mitochondrial superoxide production induced by potassium iodide (100 µM) can be relieved by 300 µM PTU, 30 µM KClO4, or 10 U/L TSH in the thyroid cell suspensions of both MT-I/II KO and WT mice (P<0.05). Compared to the WT mice, a significant decrease in the relative viability along with a significant increase in LDH release and mitochondrial superoxide production were detected in MT-I/II KO mice(P<0.05).ConclusionWe concluded that PTU, KClO4, or TSH relieved the mitochondrial oxidative stress induced by high concentrations of iodide in the thyroids of both MT-I/II KO and WT mice. MT-I/II showed antioxidant effects against high concentrations of iodide-induced mitochondrial superoxide production in the thyroid.

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Treatment of Graves Hyperthyroidism with Thionamides-Derived Drugs: Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 77 publications

Effect of β-sitosterol self-microemulsion and β-sitosterol ester with linoleic acid on lipid-lowering in hyperlipidemic mice

Effect of β-sitosterol self-microemulsion and β-sitosterol ester with linoleic acid on lipid-lowering in hyperlipidemic mice

Treatment of Graves’ Disease During Pregnancy

Propylthiouracil, Perchlorate, and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Modulate High Concentrations of Iodide Instigated Mitochondrial Superoxide Production in the Thyroids of Metallothionein I/II Knockout Mice

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