Treatment of harvested rainwater and reuse: Practices, prospects, and challenges

Singh, Siril; Yadav, Ram Naresh; Kathi, Srujana; Singh, Anand Narain

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822933-0.00003-6

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In addition, RWH systems have limited water supply potential and are substantially more expensive than centralized systems [ 14 ]. Recent review articles on RWH are available [ 12 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Essential Measures To Address the Worldwide Water Shortagementioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Solutions for Global Water Scarcity

Shemer,

Wald,

Semiat

2023

Membranes

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Climate change, global population growth, and rising standards of living have put immense strain on natural resources, resulting in the unsecured availability of water as an existential resource. Access to high-quality drinking water is crucial for daily life, food production, industry, and nature. However, the demand for freshwater resources exceeds the available supply, making it essential to utilize all alternative water resources such as the desalination of brackish water, seawater, and wastewater. Reverse osmosis desalination is a highly efficient method to increase water supplies and make clean, affordable water accessible to millions of people. However, to ensure universal access to water, various measures need to be implemented, including centralized governance, educational campaigns, improvements in water catchment and harvesting technologies, infrastructure development, irrigation and agricultural practices, pollution control, investments in novel water technologies, and transboundary water cooperation. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of measures for utilizing alternative water sources, with particular emphasis on seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation techniques. In particular, membrane-based technologies are critically reviewed, with a focus on their energy consumption, costs, and environmental impacts.

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Section: Essential Measures To Address the Worldwide Water Shortagementioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Solutions for Global Water Scarcity

Shemer,

Wald,

Semiat

2023

Membranes

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“…On the other hand, an increasing number of countries have struggled with water deficits [6]. Rainwater represents a valuable resource for water supply in plant cultivation, fish farming, and replenishment of surface water and groundwater for direct and indirect potable reuse [2,7]. Therefore, the allocation of resources to the treatment of rainwater constitutes an investment in a more sustainable future for our planet, contributing to circular economy opportunities [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Ozonation and Photocatalysis to Remove Pollutants for Reuse of Rainwater

Marszałek,

Affek,

Załęska-Radziwiłł

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Rainwater is susceptible to pollutants such as sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, heavy metals, and particles, posing challenges to water quality protection and soil degradation, impacting ecosystems and agriculture. The study focuses on the effectiveness of combined ozonation and photocatalysis in improving physicochemical parameters and reducing toxic substances. Integrated analyses, including ecotoxicological assessments, evaluate the impact of treatment on actual rainwater samples. The results indicate significant reductions in color, heavy metals, and organic pollutants after treatment. Microbiological analyses reveal the inactivation of E. coli, which is crucial for safe water reuse. Ecotoxicity studies show no toxicity to crustaceans, but slight toxicity to algae and bioluminescence bacteria in post-treatment samples. Genotoxicity assessments indicate that there is no detectable DNA damage. Overall, the study highlights the complex nature of rainwater pollution and the efficacy of photocatalytic ozonation in reducing contaminants, underscoring the need for more research to ensure sustainable water resource management.

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“…The mining of used water from urban areas could significantly improve its sustainable supply and the recirculation of embedded resources, and it could substantially accelerate the transition of urban areas' use-consume-discharge patterns to circular ones. For this to occur, it is essential to pay close attention to unconventional water sources, such as urban runoff [15], municipal wastewater [16], and various industrial waste streams [17]. Studies and applications have demonstrated that recovering water, energy, and materials, including value-added minerals, rare elements, precious metals, and industrially valuable chemical products from wastewater and its by-products, such as biological sludge, is possible [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Wastewater Mining for Circular Resource Recovery: Approaches and Technology Analysis

Capodaglio

2023

Water

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Urban areas comprise less than 1% of the Earth’s land surface, yet they host more than half the global population and are responsible for the majority of global energy use and related CO2 emissions. Urbanization is increasing the speed and local intensity of water cycle exploitation, with a large number of cities suffering from water shortage problems globally. Wastewater (used water) contains considerable amounts of embedded energy and recoverable materials. Studies and applications have demonstrated that recovering or re-capturing water, energy, and materials from wastewater is a viable endeavor, with several notable examples worldwide. Reclaiming all these resources through more widespread application of effective technological approaches could be feasible and potentially profitable, although challenging from several points of view. This paper reviews the possibilities and technical opportunities applicable to the mining of resources within the urban water cycle and discusses emerging technologies and issues pertaining to resource recovery and reuse applications. The present and future sustainability of approaches is also discussed. Since sewage management issues are not “one size fits all”, local conditions must be carefully considered when designing optimal local resource recovery solutions, which are influenced not just by technology but also by multiple economic, geographical, and social factors.

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Treatment of harvested rainwater and reuse: Practices, prospects, and challenges

Cited by 9 publications

References 87 publications

Challenges and Solutions for Global Water Scarcity

Challenges and Solutions for Global Water Scarcity

Integrated Ozonation and Photocatalysis to Remove Pollutants for Reuse of Rainwater

Urban Wastewater Mining for Circular Resource Recovery: Approaches and Technology Analysis

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