Treatment of high explosive HMX (octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine) production effluent by advanced oxidation processes

Bhanot, Pallvi; Celin, S. Mary; Kalsi, Anchita; Singh, Santosh Kumar; Sahai, Sandeep; Sharma, Preeti

doi:10.1007/s13762-021-03204-6

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…RDX is notoriously calcitrant to biodegradation; removal of 10 mg/L RDX took weeks by bacteria . The more promising strategy is the chemical destruction of RDX via either the oxidative Fenton process or the reductive denitration of the N–NO 2 bonds, such as by palladium (Pd)-catalyzed hydrodenitration . Average RDX removal rates were 7.5 mg/L/min for the photo-Fenton oxidation process and 1.4 mg/L/min for palladium catalytic hydrodenitration; both were significantly faster than biodegradation by municipal anaerobic sludge, with an average removal rate of 0.125 mg/L/min …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coremoval of Energetics and Oxyanions via the In Situ Coupling of Catalytic and Enzymatic Destructions: A Solution to Ammunition Wastewater Treatment

Zheng

Zhou

Luo

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Ammunition wastewater contains toxic nitrated explosives like RDX and oxyanions like nitrate and perchlorate. Its treatment is challenged by low efficiency due to contaminant recalcitrance and high cost due to multiple processes needed for separately removing different contaminant types. This paper reports a H2-based low-energy strategy featuring the treatment of explosives via catalytic denitration followed by microbial mineralization coupled with oxyanion reduction. After a nitrate- and perchlorate-reducing biofilm incapable of RDX biodegradation was coated with palladium nanoparticles (Pd0NPs), RDX was rapidly denitrated with a specific catalytic activity of 8.7 gcat –1 min–1, while biological reductions of nitrate and perchlorate remained efficient. In the subsequent 30-day continuous test, >99% of RDX, nitrate, and perchlorate were coremoved, and their effluent concentrations were below their respective regulation levels. Detected intermediates and shallow metagenome analysis suggest that the intermediates after Pd-catalytic denitration of RDX ultimately were enzymatically utilized by the nitrate- and perchlorate-reducing bacteria as additional electron donor sources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coremoval of Energetics and Oxyanions via the In Situ Coupling of Catalytic and Enzymatic Destructions: A Solution to Ammunition Wastewater Treatment

Zheng

Zhou

Luo

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…HMX is also widely recognized as an octogen as well as cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine [ 4 ]. Some important applications of HMX include the manufacturing of explosives and nuclear devices, utilization as raw material in propellant formulations, and artillery shells as burster chargers [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Additionally, HMX is often used as a vital component of secondary explosives, viz., HTA-3 [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Explosive materials and/or their residues can be detected around explosive production plants, military firing ranges, or munitions utilization areas [ 12 , 15 , 16 ]. A significant amount of explosive-contaminated wastewater is released during the production of explosives which contaminates the surface water resources [ 6 ]. It is noteworthy that because of their high mobility in the soil as well as low adsorption, HMX can also cause groundwater contamination [ 8 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contamination caused by the release of large amounts of HMX has become a compelling environmental dilemma across the world [ 26 , 27 ]. A low octanol-water partition coefficient (k ow 0.06) [ 28 ], as well as poor water solubility-5 mg/L at 25 °C [ 29 ], makes HMX a recalcitrant chemical, and its long-term persistence in the environment warrants its sustainable removal [ 6 , 8 ]. Soil and water contamination by different explosives are well known but there has been no substantial progress on treatment approaches and understanding of the fate of explosives and their byproducts [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has set 0.04 mg/L as the acceptable limit for HMX in drinking water [ 30 ]. However, a significant concentration of HMX has been detected in different effluents [ 6 , 25 ]. To meet the guidelines and reduce the harmful effect of HMX on the environment, it is crucial to treat HMX in an eco-friendly manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of Treatment Approaches for Octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine (HMX) Explosive in Soil, Groundwater, and Wastewater

Srivastava

Boczkaj

Lassi

2022

IJERPH

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Octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine (HMX) is extensively exploited in the manufacturing of explosives; therefore, a significant level of HMX contamination can be encountered near explosive production plants. For instance, up to 12 ppm HMX concentrations have been observed in the wastewater effluent of a munitions manufacturing facility, while up to 45,000 mg/kg of HMX has been found in a soil sample taken from a location close to a high-explosive production site. Owing to their immense demand for a variety of applications, the large-scale production of explosives has culminated in severe environmental issues. Soil and water contaminated with HMX can pose a detrimental impact on flora and fauna and hence, remediation of HMX is paramount. There is a rising demand to establish a sustainable technology for HMX abatement. Physiochemical and bioremediation approaches have been employed to treat HMX in the soil, groundwater, and wastewater. It has been revealed that treatment methods such as photo-peroxidation and photo-Fenton oxidation can eliminate approximately 98% of HMX from wastewater. Fenton’s reagents were found to be very effective at mineralizing HMX. In the photocatalytic degradation of HMX, approximately 59% TOC removal was achieved by using a TiO2 photocatalyst, and a dextrose co-substrate was used in a bioremediation approach to accomplish 98.5% HMX degradation under anaerobic conditions. However, each technology has some pros and cons which need to be taken into consideration when choosing an HMX remediation approach. In this review, various physiochemical and bioremediation approaches are considered and the mechanism of HMX degradation is discussed. Further, the advantages and disadvantages of the technologies are also discussed along with the challenges of HMX treatment technologies, thus giving an overview of the HMX remediation strategies.

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Comparative Evaluation of Low- and Medium-Pressure UV Lamps for Photo-degradation of RDX Wastewater

Bhanot,

Celin,

Sharma

et al. 2023

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Treatment of high explosive HMX (octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine) production effluent by advanced oxidation processes

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Coremoval of Energetics and Oxyanions via the In Situ Coupling of Catalytic and Enzymatic Destructions: A Solution to Ammunition Wastewater Treatment

Coremoval of Energetics and Oxyanions via the In Situ Coupling of Catalytic and Enzymatic Destructions: A Solution to Ammunition Wastewater Treatment

An Overview of Treatment Approaches for Octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine (HMX) Explosive in Soil, Groundwater, and Wastewater

Comparative Evaluation of Low- and Medium-Pressure UV Lamps for Photo-degradation of RDX Wastewater

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