Treatment of highly dispersive clay by lignosulfonate addition and electroosmosis application

Vakili, Amir Hossein; Kaedi, Mohammad; Mokhberi, Mehdi; Selamat, Mohamad Razip; Salimi, Mahdi

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2017.11.039

Cited by 67 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Under a direct electric field, the main reactions that occurred in the HWBM are hydration and electrokinetic processes. (1) On the hydration processes, the ion and free water content in the samples decreased with the formation of hydration products such as the ettringite and C–S–H, which causes the consolidation of the mixed slurry and the decline in the electric current; (2) Electroosmosis, electro migration and electrophoresis are the three different electrokinetic processes that occur in the samples 10 – 12 , 27 , and these electrokinetic processes cause the water cement ratio to increase in the anodic region and decrease in the cathodic region. This phenomenon is due to the migration of polar water molecules, cations and other positively charged particles from the anodic region to the cathodic region, which in turn causes the mechanic properties of the HWBMs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the electrochemical method has been successfully applied to many fields of geotechnical engineering, such as the electrochemical consolidation of weak rock [10][11][12] , the electrochemical desalination of rock or soil [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] , the drainage and consolidation of soil by electro-osmosis [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] , and the acceleration of methane desorption in lump anthracite by the electrochemical treatment [28][29][30] . Meanwhile, the electrochemical treatment was used to accelerate the hydration reaction rate to enhance the strength and deformation characteristics of fly-ash-cemented filling materials 31 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Experimental and mechanistic research on modifying the mechanic properties of the high water backfill material by electrochemical treatment

Xie

Sun

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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To promote the engineering applications of high water backfill materials (HWBM) in mining, a series of experiments are performed to investigate the effects of the direct current (DC) electric field on the mechanic properties and electrical resistivity of HWBMs. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations, the influence of electrochemical treatment on the hydration products and the microstructure of the HWBM was studied. The results show that the peak strength, elastic modulus, deformation modulus and electrical resistivity of the HWBM samples all first increased and then decreased with the increasing of the potential gradient, and the peak points appeared when the potential gradient was 0.2 V/cm. The anisotropy of content of ettringite and calcium silicate hydrates (C–S–H) increased betweent the anodic and cathodic regions of samples. Meanwhile, microstructure in the anodic region of the samples was more stable after electrochemical treatment, which indicates that the different variation of mineralogical compositions and microstructures in different regions of the samples are the primary factors affecting the mechanic properties and electrical resistivity of the HWBM. Therefore, the electrochemical method is a potential technology to modify the engineering properties of the HWBM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and mechanistic research on modifying the mechanic properties of the high water backfill material by electrochemical treatment

Xie

Sun

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Chen et al (2014) found that 2% LS is optimum for sandy silt without ductility loss. Vakili et al (2018) studied the effect of LS on dispersivity of soil and found 0.5% LS could decrease the percentage of dispersion from 90% to around 40%, with no significant decrease in dispersion with further increase in the percentage of LS was observed. Also, the probability of formation of cracks in soil treated with LS gets highly reduce due to an increase in adhesion and ductility of soil by LS.…”

Section: Ground Improvement Using Lignosulfonatementioning

confidence: 99%

Ground improvement using chemical methods: A review

Verma

Ray

Rai

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Ground improvement will be critically important in the present and future geotechnical practice for designing the structures in weak soil. This paper presents a review of the recent development in ground improvement techniques, especially chemical stabilisers. Various available chemical stabilisers are identified and compared with other available methods. Though the use of chemicals provides an excellent alternative to the traditional methods, they still lack proper understanding regarding their use, handling, application, and long-term effect on the environment. Various chemical stabilisers and their applicability conditions are summarised in the present paper. Insight of biochemical, electrochemical, inorganic, and organic stabilisers is presented with future scope of these methods along with the potential areas where a lot of efforts is needed to industrialise these methods are also discussed briefly. A need for developing a more environmentally friendly and safe method was felt while reviewing these methods. Lack of a large amount of data is a major concern for lesser use of these methods industrially. A lot of laboratory and field experiments should be conducted in different conditions to ensure safe results from chemical stabilisers.

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“…The researchers found that the Na Lig solutions were capable of having high osmotic pressures, generating reasonable water fluxes when using pure water or saline feeds, with concentrations of 600 g /kg Na Lig sufficient to remove water from saline solutions. Lignosulfonates have previously been shown to act as soil stabilisers, reducing erosion [28][29][30], and as such do not necessarily need to be regenerated after FO dilution, instead being applied directly to soils. Palm oil plantation soils are subject to erosion [31], with recent estimates for oil palm plantations putting soil losses at between 2.85 and 5.26 tonnes per hectare per year for flat surfaces [32], depending upon surface cover, with higher values of 78.5 tonnes per hectare possible depending upon soil type and surface gradient [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%