Treatment of Human Amatoxin Mushroom Poisoning

Protection againstAmanita phalloides by the iridoid glycoside mixture ofPicrorhiza kurroa (kutkin)

“…Together with the earlier findings [2], the present results justify further work pertaining to the hepatoprotective activity of kutkin. The place of kutkin in the pharmacotherapeutic protocol for the treatment of clincial A. phalloides intoxication [5,8] will depend upon results in the dog model [6] or clinical series of sufficient extent [9].…”

“…The dose of 1000 mg/kg given by intraperitoneal injection was still well tolerated. Kutkin was compared with silibinin [7], which is used together with penicillin in the therapy of clinical A. phalloides intoxication [5,8]. Silibinin was also injected intraperitoneally in 0.1 ml distilled water/10 g b.wt.…”

“…Recently, it was shown that the alcoholic extract of the root and rhizome of P. kurroa protected rats against the liver toxins carbon tetrachloride and galactosamine, and Mastoreys natalensis against Plasmodium berghei-induced hepatic changes [2]. As some hepatoprotective agents are known to be active against liver injury of different origin including the mushroom Amanita phalloides [3,4], and since the clinical treatment of Amanita poisoning needs still improvement [5], we included P. kurroa in our experimental survey of antagonistic principles against A. phalloides.…”

Amatoxin: A Review

“…Of note, milk thistle (Silybum marianum), a therapy known for its hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant properties, has been used as an emergency antidote to amatoxin poisoning [8,9]. Animal studies have found that milk thistle extract completely counteracts the toxic effects of the mushroom when given within 10 minutes of ingestion.…”

Pilzvergiftungen: Toxidrome, Diagnose und Therapie

“…Nach der Lebernekrose kommt es meist zum akuten Nierenversagen mit Oligurie und dann Anurie. Dabei tritt die Nierenschädigung erst über die Leberzellschädigung ein, d. h. dass Amanitatoxin nicht direkt nephrotoxisch wirkt, sondern Nephrotoxine nur in Verbindung mit Lebernekrosen entstehen [33].…”