Treatment of Human Sporotrichosis Caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis

Poester, Vanice Rodrigues; Basso, Rossana Patrícia; Stevens, David A.; Munhoz, Lívia Silveira; Rabello, Vanessa Brito de Souza; Almeida‐Paes, Rodrigo; Zancopé‐Oliveira, Rosely Maria; Zanchi, Mariza; Benelli, Jéssica Louise; Xavier, Melissa Orzechowski

doi:10.3390/jof8010070

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…In recent years, there has been an increase in therapeutic failures in treating sporotrichosis and reports of isolates with low sensitivity to itraconazole [ 97 , 267 , 278 , 279 , 280 , 281 , 282 , 283 , 284 ]. The decrease of itraconazole effectiveness against S. brasiliensis observed in clinical isolates from Brazil over the last years could be related to resistance mechanisms developed by this species, such as overexpression of efflux pumps ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Trends In the Treatment Of Sporotrichosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Progress on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sporotrichosis and Their Future Trends

Rodrigues

Gonçalves

Carvalho

et al. 2022

JoF

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Sporotrichosis, a human and animal disease caused by Sporothrix species, is the most important implantation mycosis worldwide. Sporothrix taxonomy has improved in recent years, allowing important advances in diagnosis, epidemiology, and treatment. Molecular epidemiology reveals that S. brasiliensis remains highly prevalent during the cat-transmitted sporotrichosis outbreaks in South America and that the spread of S. brasiliensis occurs through founder effects. Sporothrix globosa and S. schenckii are cosmopolitan on the move, causing major sapronoses in Asia and the Americas, respectively. In this emerging scenario, one-health approaches are required to develop a creative, effective, and sustainable response to tackle the spread of sporotrichosis. In the 21st century, it has become vital to speciate Sporothrix, and PCR is the main pillar of molecular diagnosis, aiming at the detection of the pathogen DNA from clinical samples through multiplex assays, whose sensitivity reaches remarkably three copies of the target. The treatment of sporotrichosis can be challenging, especially after the emergence of resistance to azoles and polyenes. Alternative drugs arising from discoveries or repositioning have entered the radar of basic research over the last decade and point to several molecules with antifungal potential, especially the hydrazone derivatives with great in vitro and in vivo activities. There are many promising developments for the near future, and in this review, we discuss how these trends can be applied to the Sporothrix-sporotrichosis system to mitigate the advance of an emerging and re-emerging disease.

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Section: Trends In the Treatment Of Sporotrichosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Progress on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sporotrichosis and Their Future Trends

Rodrigues

Gonçalves

Carvalho

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…22 In addition, S. brasiliensis isolates from RS are genotypically distinct from those from other Brazilian states. 23,24 These data show that coordinated more reliably prescribe treatment without laboratory assistance. 12,14 In this region, many participants reported access to public diagnostic services provided by Federal Universities, highlighting the importance of academic institutions in public health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Update of the Epidemiology of the Sporotrichosis Epidemic in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Munhoz

Poester

Severo

et al. 2022

Mycoses

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Background Sporotrichosis is a disease not requiring jurisdictional notification and consequently is underreported in Brazil. Therefore, the epidemiological picture even in hyperendemic states is unknown. Thus, we evaluated the occurrence of sporotrichosis throughout the territory of the southern state of Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Methods We update the epidemiological situation of sporotrichosis in the southern region of this state and describe the emergence of this disease in the Metropolitan region. We engaged professionals from RS enrolled in animal health care in answering a questionnaire regarding sporotrichosis. Results The occurrence of local cases of feline sporotrichosis was reported by 83% of the participants from 40 cities, distributed through the seven health districts of RS. Human sporotrichosis cases, transmitted by cats, were also reported by professionals from four regions of the state. The frequency of the disease in both the South and Metropolitan regions showed a marked increase in recent years. Conclusion Feline and cat‐transmitted human sporotrichosis is an underreported mycosis in RS, widely distributed in the territory of this state and increasing. Aggressive public health policies are urgently necessary to control the geographical expansion of this spreading mycosis.

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“…It was concluded from the study that infection severity might predict the success of amphotericin B [ 17 ]. Another study, but this set in a different brazilian sporotrichosis epidemic area (Rio Grande do Sul state) aimed to analyze the treatment of 28 cases of S. brasiliensis -caused cutaneous sporotrichosis [ 18 ]. Despite the fact that isolates were suceptible to itraconazole in vitro, 42% of cases did not show clinical response when treated with itraconazole 100 mg per day, requiring changing of doses or combination with other antifungal drugs [ 18 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study, but this set in a different brazilian sporotrichosis epidemic area (Rio Grande do Sul state) aimed to analyze the treatment of 28 cases of S. brasiliensis -caused cutaneous sporotrichosis [ 18 ]. Despite the fact that isolates were suceptible to itraconazole in vitro, 42% of cases did not show clinical response when treated with itraconazole 100 mg per day, requiring changing of doses or combination with other antifungal drugs [ 18 ]. Clinical cures were observed after a mean of 187 days of treatment and were dependent on the sporotrichosis clinical form of the patient’s age [ 18 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the fact that isolates were suceptible to itraconazole in vitro, 42% of cases did not show clinical response when treated with itraconazole 100 mg per day, requiring changing of doses or combination with other antifungal drugs [ 18 ]. Clinical cures were observed after a mean of 187 days of treatment and were dependent on the sporotrichosis clinical form of the patient’s age [ 18 ]. Finally, Falcão et al reported here that the hyperepidemic area of sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro state, which was considered a belt along the limits between the capital city and its outskirts, is far from being reduced and under control [ 19 ].…”

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