Treatment of Hypercholesteremia by Nicotinic Acid

Parsons, William Barclay

doi:10.1001/archinte.1961.03620050005002

Cited by 62 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, the gradual disappearance of visible cholesterol deposits in the skin and tendons leads to the hope that similar changes may occur in early atherosclerotic plaques and other portions of the arterial wall which readily exchange cholesterol with the serum. Reduction in xanthoma tuberosum in 2 of our patients has been reported elsewhere (4).…”

Section: Response Of Serum Cholesterol Levelsupporting

confidence: 81%

Use of Nicotinic Acid to Reduce Serum Lipid Levels*

Parsons¹

1962

J American Geriatrics Society

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The statistical relationship between hypercholesteremia and the incidence and mortality rate of coronary artery disease has long been recognized. Epidemiologic studies have shown that hypercholesteremia is one of several factors (such as obesity, hypertension, cigarette smoking and lack of physical exercise) with an important bearing on the occurrence of myocardial infarction and death from coronary atherosclerosis.It has not yet been established that reduction of the serum cholesterol level will retard or prevent the development of new atheromatous plaques or will lead to disappearance of plaques which have already formed. Nevertheless, informed opinion has swung more and more to the view that it is better to have a normal serum cholesterol level than an elevated one, and that some form of therapy is advisable if hypercholesteremia exists. A doctor interested in preventing heart attacks in his patients must take note of the etiologic factors and decide what to recommend regarding each of them. A decision to do nothing about any of the factors might be dficult to justify on the basis of available statistics. This is especially true if two or more of these abnormalities are present, placing the patient in a high-risk group.To reduce the serum cholesterol level, one may employ dietary measures, chemotherapy, or both. It is important, however, to distinguish between treatment of obesity and treatment of hypercholesteremia. If a patient is overweight, no one would dispute the fact that caloric restriction (which implies restriction of fats) is necessary for weight reduction. Our obese, hypercholesteremic patients are told that first the body weight should be brought to normal by caloric restriction, after which the serum cholesterol level may be normal. If it is still elevated while the patient is receiving a diet which maintains ideal weight, chemotherapy is offered. If weight is not excessive in a hypercholesteremic subject, either dietary manipulation or chemotherapy may be utilized. Many dietary programs for hypercholesteremia which are highly effective in a metabolic unit or under the circumstances of a short-term study in a research center are neither practical for home use nor acceptable to the patient as a way of life. As in diabetes, in hypercholesteremia there may be a metabolic defect which is too severe to permit normalization of the blood levels by dietary measures-or at least by any which are practical for use at home. For this reason,

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Section: Response Of Serum Cholesterol Levelsupporting

confidence: 81%

Use of Nicotinic Acid to Reduce Serum Lipid Levels*

Parsons¹

1962

J American Geriatrics Society

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“…Furthermore, it has been shown that the plasma total lipids and total esterified fatty acids also decrease during nicotinic acid treatment (3,4). Cutaneous xanthomata such as xanthoma tuberosum have been reported to disappear in several cases (2). These findings indicate that nicotinic acid has a major action not only on plasma cholesterol but also on elevated plasma glyceride levels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

The Effect of Nicotinic Acid on the Plasma Free Fatty Acids Demonstration of a Metabolic Type of Sympathicolysis

Carlson¹,

Orö²

1962

Journal of Internal Medicine

395

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“…While the prolonged administration of niacin has been reported to cause growth inhibition and fatty liver in rats (24), this compound, like the other water-soluble vitamins, is generally considered to be nontoxic since it is readily metabolized and excreted. Niacin at doses many times greater than the conventionally accepted vitamin levels has been used clinically as a vasodilatory agent as well as a hypolipidaemic-hypocholesterolaemic drug (25,26). The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether niacin offers protection against BLM-induced lung fibrosis in hamsters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niacin attenuates bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis in the hamster

Wang

Giri

Hyde

et al. 1990

J. Biochem. Toxicol.

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Bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis has been shown to be accompanied by the activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in the lung. Niacin, a precursor of NAD, was used in the present study to investigate its possible ameliorating effect on BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in hamsters. Niacin (500 mg/kg IP) or saline (IP) was injected daily for 16 or 23 days. On day 3, hamsters were treated with BLM (7.5 U/5 mL/kg) or an equivalent volume of saline intratracheally. BLM alone significantly increased lung hydroxyproline levels, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentration, and various inflammatory cell counts in the lavage in both experiments. In addition, BLM alone elevated prolyl hydroxylase and poly(adenosine-5'-diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase activities in the 3-week study. Niacin treatment significantly decreased BLM-elevated lung hydroxyproline, prolyl hydroxylase, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activities. Histopathology revealed that niacin treatment attenuated BLM-induced thickened alveolar septa, foci of fibrotic consolidation, and accumulations of inflammatory cells in the parenchyma and air spaces. The ability of niacin to attenuate BLM-induced lung fibrosis in hamsters suggests that it may have potential as an antifibrotic agent in humans.

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Treatment of Hypercholesteremia by Nicotinic Acid

Abstract: to summarize our experience for the period 1956 to 1960, present our current recom¬ mendations in light of this additional ex¬ perience, and review numerous studies related to the mechanism of action of nicotinic acid, which still remains unknown.

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Use of Nicotinic Acid to Reduce Serum Lipid Levels*

Use of Nicotinic Acid to Reduce Serum Lipid Levels*

The Effect of Nicotinic Acid on the Plasma Free Fatty Acids Demonstration of a Metabolic Type of Sympathicolysis

Niacin attenuates bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis in the hamster

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