Treatment of Ileus by Splanchnic Anesthesia

Ochsner, Alton; Gage, I. M.; Cutting, Reginald A.

doi:10.1001/jama.1928.02690500009001

Cited by 30 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It has a sympathetic reflex component, but is also contributed to by other mechanisms, particularly in persistent ileus. In its acute phase, postoperative ileus is relieved by sympathectomy or splanchnic anaesthesia 95,96 or by inhibition of transmission from the postganglionic neurons 97,98 . Spinal anaesthesia or sympathetic blockade is less effective when ileus results from severe and widespread peritonitis 99,100 .…”

Section: Further Evidence Of Involvement Of Sympathetic Pathways In Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

The participation of the sympathetic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract in disease states

Lomax

Sharkey

Furness

2009

Neurogastroenterology Motil

152

132

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Knowledge of neural circuits, neurotransmitters and receptors involved in the sympathetic regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) function is well established. However, it is only recently that the interaction of sympathetic neurons, and of sympathetic transmitters, with the GI immune system and with gut flora has begun to be explored. Changes in the behaviour of sympathetic nerves when gut function is compromised, for example in ileus and in inflammation, have been observed, but the roles of the sympathetic innervation in these and other pathologies are not adequately understood. In this article, we first review the principal roles of the sympathetic innervation of the GI tract in controlling motility, fluid exchange and gut blood flow in healthy individuals. We then discuss the evidence that there are important interactions of sympathetic transmitters with the gut immune system and enteric glia, and evidence that inflammation has substantial effects on sympathetic neurons. These reciprocal interactions contribute to pathological changes in ways that are not yet clarified. Finally, we focus on inflammation, diabetes and postoperative ileus as conditions in which there is sympathetic involvement in compromised gut function.

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Section: Further Evidence Of Involvement Of Sympathetic Pathways In Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

The participation of the sympathetic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract in disease states

Lomax

Sharkey

Furness

2009

Neurogastroenterology Motil

152

132

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“…At about the same time, Meltzer and Auer (1907) found that following destruction of the spinal cord in the rabbit, laparotomy did not cause intestinal inhibition and in 1922 Wagner introduced spinal anaesthesia in the treatment of ileus in man. Numerous workers in this field have since confirmed that both spinal anaesthetic and division of the splanchnic nerves can each reduce or abolish ileus (Olivecrona, 1927;Ochsner, Gage, and Cutting, 1928;Finkleman, 1930;McSwiney, 1931;Sealy and Witcher, 1936;Burstein, 1939;Douglas and Mann, 1941).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the autonomic control of gastrointestinal motility in the cat.

Neely¹,

Catchpole²

1967

Gut

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“…Others have described sympathetic mechanisms that appear to play an important role in early postoperative ileus within a few hours after the surgical procedure 39,40 . Moreover, it has been known since the beginning of the last century that postoperative ileus can be prevented in part by sympathectomy or splanchnic anesthesia 41–50 . Different nociceptive stimuli activate distinct inhibitory neural pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%