Treatment of indium-tin-oxide etching wastewater and recovery of In, Mo, Sn and Cu by liquid–liquid extraction and wet chemical reduction: a laboratory scale sustainable commercial green process

Abstract

A laboratory scale sustainable commercial green process for treatment of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) etching wastewater and total recovery of In, Mo, Sn and Cu by combination liquid-liquid extraction and wet chemical reduction has been developed. The ITO etching wastewater is a threat to the ecosystem and human health, containing significant amounts of valuable metals like In and Cu. In metal and 100nm Cu nanopowder with 5N purity has been recovered. The developed process concurrently treats the ITO etching wastewater and recovers pure metals. By the process, Mo and Sn are recovered by liquid-liquid extraction, In is recovered through liquid-liquid extraction followed by wet chemical reduction. Value added semiconductor industry grade Cu nanopowder is recovered through wet chemical reduction using ascorbic acid. After a series of treatment, the wastewater is free of pollutant, worthy to use in the same industry or disposed. The process is a sustainable, green, versatile and flexible process.

Synthesis of Zeolite Using Aluminum Dross and Waste LCD Glass Powder: A Waste to Waste Integration Valorization Process

“…The primary challenge for indium recovery from LCD waste is associated with a low concentration of indium and tin in the leach liquor, which can be overcome through adsorption and elution using synthesized zeolite. Once, leach liquor concentrated, the indium and tin can be purified using the solvent extraction, which has been reported by Swain et al elsewhere [25][26][27]. In the solvent extraction process Tin can selectively be scrubbed out using Cyanex 272 from the leach liquor leaving indium in raffinate solution.…”

Value Recovery from Waste Liquid Crystal Display Glass Cullet through Leaching: Understanding the Correlation between Indium Leaching Behavior and Cullet Piece Size

“…Mass production that employs a semi-automated LCD dismantling process and an efficient ITO leaching process through optimization of various process parameters was developed by the authors' research group [5,7,8,33]. The leaching behavior of indium from waste LCD glass has been investigated, optimized, and reported on in our earlier publication [33].…”

“…The purpose of the current investigation is to determine the missing link between the LCD dismantling process developed for metal beneficiation and the recovery of indium from LCD glass via the hydrometallurgy route [7,8,33]. Elsewhere our reported process indicates that dismantling of waste to LCD glass, leaching of indium followed by indium recovery from LCD waste has already been developed [7,8,33]. However, an important drawback of these studies is that whether size has a predominant effect on leaching efficiency has not been reported, which could be a determining factor for industrial valorization of waste LCD glass [33].…”

Adsorption and desorption property of iminodiacetate resin (Lewatit® TP207) for indium recovery

“…Although it 13 is expected to deplete of the earth's reserves within 20 years, the 14 demand and consumption of indium is rising every year 15 [1,2]. Therefore, development of the efficient recovery process is 16 extremely important for stable supply of indium in along with the 17 issue of resource recycle and environmental sustainability [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

“…Therefore, development of the efficient recovery process is 16 extremely important for stable supply of indium in along with the 17 issue of resource recycle and environmental sustainability [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. 18 Conventional methods for the indium recovery from secondary 19 resource as industrial wastewater include precipitation [10], 20 solvent extraction [11][12][13] and adsorption method [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The 21 precipitation and solvent extraction is well-known recovery 22 method, but they generate the potential environmental problems 23 cause by the use of large amount of chemicals and organic solvents 24 [23][24][25][26][27].…”