Treatment of industrial ferric sludge through a facile acid-assisted hydrothermal reaction: Focusing on dry mass reduction and hydrochar recyclability performance
“…(UV/TiO 2 , UV/ H 2 O 2 , UV/TiO 2 /H 2 O 2 processes). The produced hydroxyl radicals is the main reason for degrading the organic contaminants and the pollutants in the wastewater sample as stated in the literature 27 . Figure 8 Influence of UV, TiO 2 photocatalysis, UV/TiO 2 , UV/H 2 O 2 , and TiO 2 /UV/H 2 O 2 , processes on an oil elimination percentage.…”
Advanced oxidation process, via photo-catalytic oxidation process was demonstrated in this study as one of the promising techniques of simulated oily wastewater treatment. Several effective factors such as initial oil concentration, catalyst dose, stirring speed (rpm), pH value and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dose influencing on the photo-catalytic degradation rate of oily wastewater were investigated. The catalyst used in this work was titanium dioxide (TiO2). The solubility of oil in water was increased using emulsifier. Results indicated that the photo-catalytic oxidation process has a good removal percentage of oil from oily wastewater reached to 98.43% at optimum operating parameters of 1 g/L initial oil concentration, 850 rpm, 8 pH, 3 mL H2O2 and 1.5 g/L of TiO2 after 40 min of irradiation time. The degradation reaction follows a first order kinetics with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 93.7%. Ultimately, the application of photo-catalytic oxidation processes at these optimum operating parameters on an industrial oily wastewater collected from an effluent stream of Ras Shukair at Red See supplied by Asuit Petrochemical Company was done in Egypt. The results showed that the best oil removal (99%) was achieved after adding 3 mL of H2O2 in a reaction time of 40 min compared to without adding H2O2.
“…(UV/TiO 2 , UV/ H 2 O 2 , UV/TiO 2 /H 2 O 2 processes). The produced hydroxyl radicals is the main reason for degrading the organic contaminants and the pollutants in the wastewater sample as stated in the literature 27 . Figure 8 Influence of UV, TiO 2 photocatalysis, UV/TiO 2 , UV/H 2 O 2 , and TiO 2 /UV/H 2 O 2 , processes on an oil elimination percentage.…”
Advanced oxidation process, via photo-catalytic oxidation process was demonstrated in this study as one of the promising techniques of simulated oily wastewater treatment. Several effective factors such as initial oil concentration, catalyst dose, stirring speed (rpm), pH value and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dose influencing on the photo-catalytic degradation rate of oily wastewater were investigated. The catalyst used in this work was titanium dioxide (TiO2). The solubility of oil in water was increased using emulsifier. Results indicated that the photo-catalytic oxidation process has a good removal percentage of oil from oily wastewater reached to 98.43% at optimum operating parameters of 1 g/L initial oil concentration, 850 rpm, 8 pH, 3 mL H2O2 and 1.5 g/L of TiO2 after 40 min of irradiation time. The degradation reaction follows a first order kinetics with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 93.7%. Ultimately, the application of photo-catalytic oxidation processes at these optimum operating parameters on an industrial oily wastewater collected from an effluent stream of Ras Shukair at Red See supplied by Asuit Petrochemical Company was done in Egypt. The results showed that the best oil removal (99%) was achieved after adding 3 mL of H2O2 in a reaction time of 40 min compared to without adding H2O2.
“…The thermal pretreatment of sewage sludge for the inoculum can increase the bio-hydrogen production yield with the production of the highest H 2 yield; however, the bio-hydrogen yield of any type of pretreated sludge was significantly higher than the untreated inoculum, proving the effectiveness of the pretreatment methods on the bio-hydrogen production yield. Overall, the sewage sludge or even industrial sludge is considered to be a very good source for the production of valuable products [68].…”
Egypt faces significant challenges in managing its sewage sludge generated in large quantities from wastewater treatment plants. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing sewage sludge as a renewable resource for hydrogen production through anaerobic digestion at the 100 L bioreactor level. Hydrogen is considered a promising alternative energy source due to its high energy content and environmental benefits. To optimize the microbial degradation process and maximize hydrogen production from sewage sludge, a specialized pretreatment is necessary. Various pretreatment methods have been applied to the sewage sludge, individually and in combination, to study the bio-hydrogen production from sewage sludge. The four methods of treatment were studied in batch assays as a pilot scale. Thermal pretreatment of sewage sludge significantly increases bio-hydrogen production yield compared to other sewage sludge pretreatment methods, producing the highest H2 yield (6.48 LH2/g VS). In general, the hydrogen yield of any type of pretreated inoculum was significantly higher than the untreated inoculum. At the same time, alkaline pretreatment improved the hydrogen yield (1.04 LH2/g VS) more than acid pretreatment (0.74 LH2/g VS), while the hydrogen yield for the combination of pretreatments (shock alkali pretreatment) was higher than both (1.73 LH2/g VS), On the other hand, untreated sewage sludge (control) had almost no hydrogen yield (0.03 LH2/g VS). The self-fermented anaerobic bioreactor improved sewage sludge utilization, increased bioenergy yields, and seems to be promising for treating complex wastes at this scale.
“…Both industrial sludges are characterized by high TOC and macroelement contents as well as low C/N ratios, which make them suitable for agricultural reuse in terms of fertilization potential [55,59]. Likewise, Xu et al [60] reported on the properties of industrial ferric sludge (FS), which consists of a mixture of Fenton and waste-activated sludges. This FS contains C (16.2%) and N (3%) and a very high concentration of Fe (29.7%).…”
Sludge generation as an organic by-product of wastewater treatment has seen a consistent increase worldwide due to population growth and industrial activities. This poses a chronic challenge regarding management options and environmental concerns. The agricultural valorization of unconventional organic materials has become inevitable, especially in semi-arid and arid countries that suffer from depleted soils and shortages in farm manure supply. High-income countries have also been interested in this recycling practice to mitigate landfilling or incineration issues. Sewage and some industrial sludges contain a complex mixture of beneficial and harmful substances, which varies with the origin of effluents. Therefore, sludge land application should be well managed in order to achieve sustainable agro-environmental goals. This review paper focuses on different aspects related to sludge reuse in agriculture, starting by investigating the diversity of sludge types and composition. In addition to the preponderant urban sewage sludge, the less-studied industrial sludges, such as those generated from pulp and paper mills or gas-to-liquid industries, are hereby addressed as well. Then, post-land application effects are discussed in relation to sludge quality, dose, and reuse conditions. The present paper also examines the disparities between guidelines that determine sludge conformity for land application in various countries or regions. Accordingly, special attention is given to increasing risks related to emerging pollutants in sludge such as pharmaceuticals, which have been overused since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. This exhaustive investigation will assist the establishment of sustainable strategies for the safe agricultural reuse of biosolids.
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