Treatment of infected wounds with methylene blue photodynamic therapy: An effective and safe treatment method

Shen, Xiaoxiao; Dong, Liwen; He, Xiangyi; Zhao, Chuanqi; Zhang, Wanqi; Li, Xinying; Lu, Yuangang

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102051

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Since there is considerable clinical experience to support that MB exhibits good safety 29 , 30 and MB concentrations used here were below those administered clinically, the use of this higher dose is unlikely to pose safety concerns. Methylene blue is routinely applied directly to mucous membranes in the treatment of maxillary sinusitis (lavage using 1.5 ml aqueous 0.1% MB solution), 22 and has further been used as an efficient treatment of infected wounds both in human (up to three applications of a 20 mg MB dose) 31 and veterinary medicine. 32 In addition, ultraviolet spectroscopy analyses testing the amount of MB that may leach off SMs and be inhaled by a wearer during the course of a 10-hour healthcare provider work shift, have shown that MB does not leach off SM (or other PPE) materials (unpublished data; ongoing project with the WHO).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of masks and methylene blue—The use of methylene blue photochemical treatment to decontaminate surgical masks contaminated with a tenacious small nonenveloped norovirus

Wielick

Fries

Dams

et al. 2022

American Journal of Infection Control

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of masks and methylene blue—The use of methylene blue photochemical treatment to decontaminate surgical masks contaminated with a tenacious small nonenveloped norovirus

Wielick

Fries

Dams

et al. 2022

American Journal of Infection Control

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“…Phenothiazinium dyes, previously noted for their good performance in PDDI of biofilms and in topical photodisinfection in vivo, were also remarkably successful in this clinical study. Other studies using methylene blue showed a great reduction of wound area in PDDI treated patients with infected wounds [ 200 , 201 ].…”

Section: Bacteria and Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Photodynamic disinfection and its role in controlling infectious diseases

Aroso

Schaberle

Arnaut

et al. 2021

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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Photodynamic therapy is witnessing a revival of its origins as a response to the rise of multi-drug resistant infections and the shortage of new classes of antibiotics. Photodynamic disinfection (PDDI) of microorganisms is making progresses in preclinical models and in clinical cases, and the perception of its role in the clinical armamentarium for the management of infectious diseases is changing. We review the positioning of PDDI from the perspective of its ability to respond to clinical needs. Emphasis is placed on the pipeline of photosensitizers that proved effective to inactivate biofilms, showed efficacy in animal models of infectious diseases or reached clinical trials. Novel opportunities resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic are briefly discussed. The molecular features of promising photosensitizers are emphasized and contrasted with those of photosensitizers used in the treatment of solid tumors. The development of photosensitizers has been accompanied by the fabrication of a variety of affordable and customizable light sources. We critically discuss the combination between photosensitizer and light source properties that may leverage PDDI and expand its applications to wider markets. The success of PDDI in the management of infectious diseases will ultimately depend on the efficacy of photosensitizers, affordability of the light sources, simplicity of the procedures, and availability of fast and efficient treatments. Graphic abstract

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“…Small cationic phenothiazinium PSs, like methylene blue, toluidine blue O, azure A or rose bengal showed good photo-activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in biofilm [334]. Among these photosensitizing molecules, methylene blue (284 Da, + 1 charge), combined with red light activation, is certainly one of the most widely employed [198,335,336], also for clinical applications [337][338][339].…”

Section: Applications To Biofilm Eradicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic treatment of pathogens

2022

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The current viral pandemic has highlighted the compelling need for effective and versatile treatments, that can be quickly tuned to tackle new threats, and are robust against mutations. Development of such treatments is made even more urgent in view of the decreasing effectiveness of current antibiotics, that makes microbial infections the next emerging global threat. Photodynamic effect is one such method. It relies on physical processes proceeding from excited states of particular organic molecules, called photosensitizers, generated upon absorption of visible or near infrared light. The excited states of these molecules, tailored to undergo efficient intersystem crossing, interact with molecular oxygen and generate short lived reactive oxygen species (ROS), mostly singlet oxygen. These species are highly cytotoxic through non-specific oxidation reactions and constitute the basis of the treatment. In spite of the apparent simplicity of the principle, the method still has to face important challenges. For instance, the short lifetime of ROS means that the photosensitizer must reach the target within a few tens nanometers, which requires proper molecular engineering at the nanoscale level. Photoactive nanostructures thus engineered should ideally comprise a functionality that turns the system into a theranostic means, for instance, through introduction of fluorophores suitable for nanoscopy. We discuss the principles of the method and the current molecular strategies that have been and still are being explored in antimicrobial and antiviral photodynamic treatment.

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Treatment of infected wounds with methylene blue photodynamic therapy: An effective and safe treatment method

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

Of masks and methylene blue—The use of methylene blue photochemical treatment to decontaminate surgical masks contaminated with a tenacious small nonenveloped norovirus

Of masks and methylene blue—The use of methylene blue photochemical treatment to decontaminate surgical masks contaminated with a tenacious small nonenveloped norovirus

Photodynamic disinfection and its role in controlling infectious diseases

Photodynamic treatment of pathogens

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