Treatment of infectious disease: Beyond antibiotics

Nigam, Anshul; Gupta, Divya; Sharma, Ashwani

doi:10.1016/j.micres.2014.02.009

Cited by 108 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Since the transfer of resistant determinants occur at high frequencies in mouse models, it is highly likely that such events may also occur in the human gut given that they act as reservoir for antibiotic resistant genes (Broaders et al, 2013). Given the risks of resistant gene transfer and accumulation in the gut, other non-antibiotic approaches to prevent or eliminate pathogens (Nigam et al, 2014) could be adopted in place of probiotics. These alternatives include the use of phages (Sulakvelidze et al, 2001; Letchumanan et al, 2016), bactericidal peptides (Cleveland et al, 2001), killing factors released by microbes (Liu et al, 2010), non-antibiotic drugs (Amaral and Kristiansen, 2000) and quorum quenching (Carnes et al, 2010).…”

Section: Probiotic Supplements: Antibiotic Resistance Among Other Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Risk of Probiotic Dietary Supplements in the Context of Antibiotic Resistance

et al. 2017

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Probiotic bacteria are known to harbor intrinsic and mobile genetic elements that confer resistance to a wide variety of antibiotics. Their high amounts in dietary supplements can establish a reservoir of antibiotic resistant genes in the human gut. These resistant genes can be transferred to pathogens that share the same intestinal habitat thus resulting in serious clinical ramifications. While antibiotic resistance of probiotic bacteria from food, human and animal sources have been well-documented, the resistant profiles of probiotics from dietary supplements have only been recently studied. These products are consumed with increasing regularity due to their health claims that include the improvement of intestinal health and immune response as well as prevention of acute and antibiotic-associated diarrhea and cancer; but, a comprehensive risk assessment on the spread of resistant genes to human health is lacking. Here, we highlight recent reports of antibiotic resistance of probiotic bacteria isolated from dietary supplements, and propose complementary strategies that can shed light on the risks of consuming such products in the context of a global widespread of antibiotic resistance. In concomitant with a broader screening of antibiotic resistance in probiotic supplements is the use of computational simulations, live imaging and functional genomics to harvest knowledge on the evolutionary behavior, adaptations and dynamics of probiotics studied in conditions that best represent the human gut including in the presence of antibiotics. The underlying goal is to enable the health benefits of probiotics to be exploited in a responsible manner and with minimal risk to human health.

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Section: Probiotic Supplements: Antibiotic Resistance Among Other Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Risk of Probiotic Dietary Supplements in the Context of Antibiotic Resistance

et al. 2017

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“…Antibiotics have been administered for prophylactic, therapeutic and metaphylactic purposes. Some diseases that were previously considered dreadful for centuries have been successfully treated or controlled by means of antibiotics [8]. In addition, antibiotics have also been used extensively at subtherapeutic levels as growth promoter/feed enhancer in livestock farming, most especially in the industrialised nations, including many European countries and the United States of America [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Public Health Implications of the Discharge of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Physicochemical Contaminants from Treated Wastewater Effluents in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Adefisoye

Okoh

2017

Water

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This study assessed the prevalence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and Vibrio species, as well as the physicochemical qualities of the discharged effluents of two wastewater treatment facilities, in the Eastern Cape, South Africa over a one-year sampling period using standard methods. Bacteriological assessment revealed presumptive E. coli counts ranging from 3 to 1.2 × 10 5 CFU/100 mL, while counts of Vibrio spp. ranged from 11 to 1.4 × 10 4 CFU/100 mL. Molecular identification of the isolates by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) yielded positive reaction rates of 76.2% (381/500) and 69.8% (279/400) for E. coli and Vibrio species, respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 205 randomly selected PCR-confirmed Vibrio isolates against 18 antibiotics revealed resistance frequencies ranging from 0.5% (imipenem) to 96.1% (penicillin G), based on recommended breakpoint concentrations. About 81% (166/205) of the Vibrio isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics), while nine different antibiotic resistance genes were detected by PCR. The physicochemical qualities of the effluents also ranged as follows: pH (6.5-7.6), temperature (12-27 • C), turbidity (1.5-65.7 mg/L), total dissolved solids (95-171 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (2.1-9.8), electrical conductivity (134-267 µS/cm), free chlorine (0.08-0.72 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (0.12-9.81 mg/L), nitrate (1.04-21.5 mg/L), nitrite (0.11-0.76 mg/L), phosphate (1.03-18.3 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (27-680 mg/L). The discharged effluents fell short of the regulatory guidelines for some of the parameters assessed. We conclude that the discharged effluents are potential sources of environmental pollution and can contribute to drug resistant bacteria load in the receiving watershed, with the associated ecological and human health risks.

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“…Yes [39,40,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61] Can pathogenicity and virulence be reduced by means of psychotherapeutics and/or other non-antibiotics and their analogues? Yes [62][63][64][65][66] Can the synergy between psychotherapeutics and "classical" antibiotics/chemotherapeutics be expoited (for example to reduce the dose)? Yes [53,56,[67][68][69] Can new antibiotics be developed from the already known non-antibiotics Yes [19,54,55,64,[70][71][72][73][74] Can "purer" drugs be developed by utilizing stereo-specificity?…”

Section: Perspective Expectation Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%