Treatment of Intestinal Helminths Does Not Reduce Plasma Concentrations of HIV‐1 RNA in Coinfected Zambian Adults

Modjarrad, Kayvon; Zulu, Isaac; Redden, David T.; Njobvu, Lungowe; Lane, H. Clifford; Bentwich, Zvi; Vermund, Sten H.

doi:10.1086/444543

Cited by 62 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…34 S. mansoni infection was also shown to increase the HIV RNA viral load in HIV-positive patients with untreated S. mansoni infection compared with patients with S. mansoni infections that had been treated. 35 Several earlier non-randomized studies did not find an effect of praziquantel treatment on viral load, 5,6,36,37 but this result has been postulated to be caused by transient increases in the schistosomiasis-conducive Th2 environment immediately after treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association of Schistosomiasis and HIV Infection in Tanzania

Downs

Dam²,

Changalucha³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

100

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Abstract. Animal and human studies suggest that Schistosoma mansoni infection may increase risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Therefore, we tested 345 reproductive age women in rural Tanzanian villages near Lake Victoria, where S. mansoni is hyperendemic, for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and schistosomiasis by circulating anodic antigen (CAA) serum assay. Over one-half (54%) had an active schistosome infection; 6% were HIVseropositive. By univariate analysis, only schistosome infection predicted HIV infection (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9, 95% confidence interval = [1.3-12.0], P = 0.015) and remained significant using multivariate analysis to control for age, STIs, and distance from the lake (OR = 6.2 [1.7-22.9], P = 0.006). HIV prevalence was higher among women with more intense schistosome infections (P = 0.005), and the median schistosome intensity was higher in HIV-infected than -uninfected women (400 versus 15 pg CAA/mL, P = 0.01). This finding suggests that S. mansoni infection may be a modifiable HIV risk factor that places millions of people worldwide at increased risk of HIV acquisition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association of Schistosomiasis and HIV Infection in Tanzania

Downs

Dam²,

Changalucha³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The question was raised whether it would be beneficial to treat HIV-infected people in helminth endemic areas with anti-helminthics in addition to HIV medication. The results on human studies so far are ambiguous as some studies find no association between treatment of intestinal helminth infections and reduction in viral load (Modjarrad et al, 2005), whereas others find a decrease in viral load upon de-worming (Wolday et al, 2002) or even find a transient increase (Brown et al, 2005). Variation between the studies may be explained by difference in age groups studied, prevalence of helminth species, type and frequency of medication as well as length of time post-treatment before determination of viral load.…”

Section: Spill-over Effects Of Helminth-induced Immunomodulation Helmmentioning

confidence: 96%

Chronic helminth infections induce immunomodulation: Consequences and mechanisms

2007

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“…Furthermore, plasma HIV-1 viral loads were reduced significantly in coinfected patients following successful treatment with antihelminthics (40). However, a drop in circulating viral load in HIV-1-positive individuals following treatment for schistosomiasis or other helminths was not observed in a number of other studies (12,13,18,25,32). A recent comparison of early versus delayed (by 3 months) treatment for schistosomiasis also found no immediate drop in circulating viral concentration (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Coinfection with Schistosoma mansoni Reactivates Viremia in Rhesus Macaques with Chronic Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clade C Infection

et al. 2007

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We tested the hypothesis that helminth parasite coinfection would intensify viremia and accelerate disease progression in monkeys chronically infected with an R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) encoding a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade C envelope. Fifteen rhesus monkeys with stable SHIV-1157ip infection were enrolled into a prospective, randomized trial. These seropositive animals had undetectable viral RNA and no signs of immunodeficiency. Seven animals served as virus-only controls; eight animals were exposed to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. From week 5 after parasite exposure onward, coinfected animals shed eggs in their feces, developed eosinophilia, and had significantly higher mRNA expression of the T-helper type 2 cytokine interleukin-4 (P ‫؍‬ 0.001) than animals without schistosomiasis. Compared to virus-only controls, viral replication was significantly increased in coinfected monkeys (P ‫؍‬ 0.012), and the percentage of their CD4 ؉ CD29 ؉ memory cells decreased over time (P ‫؍‬ 0.05). Thus, S. mansoni coinfection significantly increased viral replication and induced T-cell subset alterations in monkeys with chronic SHIV clade C infection.

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Treatment of Intestinal Helminths Does Not Reduce Plasma Concentrations of HIV‐1 RNA in Coinfected Zambian Adults

Cited by 62 publications

References 27 publications

Association of Schistosomiasis and HIV Infection in Tanzania

Association of Schistosomiasis and HIV Infection in Tanzania

Chronic helminth infections induce immunomodulation: Consequences and mechanisms

Coinfection with Schistosoma mansoni Reactivates Viremia in Rhesus Macaques with Chronic Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clade C Infection

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