Treatment of invasive candidiasis in the elderly: a review

Flevari, Aikaterini; Θεοδωρακοπούλου, Μαρία; Velegraki, Aristea; Armaganidis, Apostolos; Dimοpoulos, George

doi:10.2147/cia.s39120

Cited by 45 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 89 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These data were in agreement with those of previous studies, indicating that the prevalence of fungal infections rises in patients over 65. However, defining an exact age cut-off point is still impossible (18,(36)(37)(38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Analysis of Candida species with Emphasis on Predisposing Factors in Cutaneous Candidiasis Patients

Ghasemi

Hashemi

Rezaei

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Candida species are known as the most common fungal pathogens isolated from clinical specimens that can develop complications ranging from cutaneous to systemic diseases. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the diversity and distribution of Candida species in various kinds of cutaneous candidiasis in Tehran, Iran. In addition, the critical effects of several predisposing factors on the induction and progression of the disease were considered. Methods: A total of 3000 samples were taken from March 2014 to 2015. The samples were examined using direct microscopy and culturing method. The polymorphism analysis was performed by using polymerase chain reaction -restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The internal spacer region (ITS) of the fungal rRNA genes was recruited for PCR amplification of target sequences and Msp1 enzyme was employed to digest PCR amplicons. Results: Out of 3000 samples, yeast was recovered in 290 (9.67%) cases. Onychomycosis was observed predominantly in 164 nail samples (56.5%). The majority of patients were within the age range of 51 -60 years (22.14%). Women working at home (housewives) showed the highest percentage of people at risk (n = 135, 46.5%). Among patients with underlying diseases, diabetic patients with 46 cases (14.2 %) had the highest susceptibility to candidiasis. Genotypic identification showed that Candida albicans is the most common species (n = 132, 45.5 %) recovered from clinical samples, followed by C. parapsilosis (n = 77, 26.5%), C. glabrata (n = 22, 7.5 %), C. krusei (n = 16, 5.5 %), C. tropicalis (n = 37, 12.7 %), and C. guilliermondii (n = 6, 2%). Conclusions:The results of the present study, compared to the previous studies, showed a significantly lower prevalence of cutaneous candidiasis. Among Candida species, C. albicans was still the most common infectious agent isolated from clinical samples. Shifting toward non-albicans Candida species was not confirmed in this study. In addition, our study revealed that there is a direct correlation between some predisposing factors including age of patients, and existence of some non-infectious diseases (e.g. metabolic disorder) and occurrence of Candida infection.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Analysis of Candida species with Emphasis on Predisposing Factors in Cutaneous Candidiasis Patients

Ghasemi

Hashemi

Rezaei

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The infections due a bacterial pathogen were more common in elderly subjects and the hospital stay was lengthier. These patients need more time to recover because of the complexity of COPD ( either a systemic oxidative stress syndrome or an inflammatory process or a combination of those), the weaker immune response as result of the inflammatory process and the frequent colonization by bacteria that lead to bacterial infections or co-infections (viral+bacterial) [ 22 , 26 - 31 ]. This is a main statement in a recently published study where a longer hospital stay in AECOPD patients with co-existed candidiasis, anemia, psychological disorder, atrial fibrillation and congestive heart disease, asthma, respiratory failure and cachexia was detected [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Profile of COPD Exacerbations According to Patients

Dimοpoulos¹,

Tsiodras²,

Lerikou

et al. 2015

TORMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background : To compare the differences between elderly and non-elderly patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) due to viral infections.Methods : Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation were recruited and classified as elderly (>65 years) and non-elderly (≤ 65 years). Sputum and oropharyngeal samples were assessed, PCR for respiratory viruses and cultures for common pathogens were performed.Results : 247 patients (median age: 69.3±9.5 years) were recruited and categorized into group A: non-elderly patients [n=81 (32.8%), median age 58±5.99] and group B: elderly patients [n=166 (67.2%), median age 74.8±4.8] years. In 133 (53.8%) patients a viral infection was identified and in 34 (13.8%) a bacterial pathogen was isolated from cultures. In 18 (7.3%) patients a double infection (bacterial+viral) was identified. In group B, the presence of cardiac failure (46.6% vs 28.3%, p<0.001), renal failure (10.5% vs 4%, p=0.03), bacterial co-infection (13.8% vs 7.4%, p=0.04), influenza vaccination rates (45.5% vs 215, p<0.001), and longer hospital stay (8.4±4.4 vs 7.5±3.2 days, p=0.02) were higher than group A. The overall rate of viral infections did not differ according to age. A trend to higher rates of infection with parainfluenza 3 [19 (20%) patients in group B vs3 (7.5%) patients in group A, p=0.04] was observed in older patients.Conclusion : No differences on the rate and type of viral infections were noted for elderly vs non elderly patients. However, they tended to have more bacterial co-infections that led to AECOPD and longer hospitalization stays compared to non-elderly patients.

show abstract

“…OC occurs in about 90% of HIV-infected persons as an AIDS-defining illness [ 3 ]. Defective immunity in premature infants and the elderly can also result in OC [ 4 , 5 ]. Significantly, 75% of women of childbearing age suffer from VVC, 45% of whom go on to have a least one recurrent infection [ 6 ].…”

Section: Candida Albicans Is a Major Fungal Patmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress Responses in the Human Fungal Pathogen, Candida albicans

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans, causing approximately 400,000 life-threatening systemic infections world-wide each year in severely immunocompromised patients. An important fungicidal mechanism employed by innate immune cells involves the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Consequently, there is much interest in the strategies employed by C. albicans to evade the oxidative killing by macrophages and neutrophils. Our understanding of how C. albicans senses and responds to ROS has significantly increased in recent years. Key findings include the observations that hydrogen peroxide triggers the filamentation of this polymorphic fungus and that a superoxide dismutase enzyme with a novel mode of action is expressed at the cell surface of C. albicans. Furthermore, recent studies have indicated that combinations of the chemical stresses generated by phagocytes can actively prevent C. albicans oxidative stress responses through a mechanism termed the stress pathway interference. In this review, we present an up-date of our current understanding of the role and regulation of oxidative stress responses in this important human fungal pathogen.

show abstract

Treatment of invasive candidiasis in the elderly: a review

Cited by 45 publications

References 89 publications

Molecular Analysis of Candida species with Emphasis on Predisposing Factors in Cutaneous Candidiasis Patients

Molecular Analysis of Candida species with Emphasis on Predisposing Factors in Cutaneous Candidiasis Patients

Viral Profile of COPD Exacerbations According to Patients

Oxidative Stress Responses in the Human Fungal Pathogen, Candida albicans

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About