Treatment of low back strain with electromyographic bio-feedback and relaxation training

Nigl, Alfred J.; Fischer–Williams, M.

doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(80)73659-9

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…DeGood, Stewart, Adams, and Dale (1989) reported that CBP patients have greater resting EMG levels, greater EMG reactivity to emotional stressors, and greater left-right asymmetries. Finally, Nigl and Fischer-Williams (1980) trained four back pain patients in EMG biofeedback and relaxation, and as predicted by the reflex-spasm theory, all four subjects displayed significantly lower EMG activity and experienced substantial pain relief following treatment.…”

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confidence: 93%

A time series analysis of the relationship between ambulatory EMG, pain, and stress in chronic low back pain

Geisser

Richardson

1995

Biofeedback and Self-Regulation

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Twenty-one subjects with chronic back pain (CBP) participated in an ambulatory electromyography (EMG) monitoring study to ascertain the relationships between muscle activity, physical activity, psychosocial stress, and pain. A time-series analysis approach was adopted to investigate both immediate and lagged associations between these variables in an attempt to determine potential causal relationships. Results for group relationships showed a significant relationship between physical activity and pain, self-report of stress and pain, but no relationship between EMG activity and pain. A lagged relationship between physical activity and pain was found, suggesting a causal relationship between physical activity and pain. However, no time lag was observed between stress and pain, hence no causal relationship can be elucidated. Analysis at the individual level indicated stronger relationships between several combinations of these variables, highlighting the need to consider the heterogeneity of the CBP population and etiology of CBP. The use of ambulatory monitoring of pain, stress, and EMG is suggested as one avenue to further explore the population's heterogeneity.

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confidence: 93%

A time series analysis of the relationship between ambulatory EMG, pain, and stress in chronic low back pain

Geisser

Richardson

1995

Biofeedback and Self-Regulation

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“…biofeedback and/or relaxation have been reported to be of help with L.B.P. patients (Belar and Cohen, 1979;Gentry and Bernal, 1977;Jones and Wolf, 1980;Nigl and Fisher, 1980). Nouwen and Solinger (1979), in a two group comparison study, have shown that biofeedback muscle relaxation training in itself is effective, at least in the short-run, in reducing E.M.G.…”

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confidence: 99%

Applied Relaxation in the Management of Chronic Pain

Linton

Melin

1983

Behav. Cogn. Psychother.

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Seventeen chronic pain patients at a rehabilitation center participated in an investigation of the effects of applied relaxation on chronic pain. The experimental group received regular rehabilitation treatment plus intensive training in applied relaxation. One control group received the regular rehabilitation treatment only, while another control group consisted of patients waiting for treatment. Results indicated that the applied relaxation group did significantly better than the control group(s) on measures of subjective pain, medication intake, activity, and overall evaluation of the treatments. This suggests that applied relaxation can be a valuable addition to chronic pain treatment programs.

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“…Although EMG levels decreased, pain and medication intake levels remained unchanged. In another uncontrolled group study, Nigl and Fischer-Williams (1980) gave 15 sessions of paraspinal EMG training to four chronic low back pain patients. EMG levels were significantly reduced by the end of treatment and pain was also reported by the patients to be decreased, although no statistical analysis was performed on this measure.…”

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confidence: 99%

A controlled evaluation of paraspinal EMG biofeedback in the treatment of chronic low back pain.

Bush¹,

Ditto²,

Feuerstein³

1985

Health Psychology

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Sixty-six chronic low back pain sufferers were randomly divided into three groups. Following individual assessments consisting of psychological questionnaires, pain monitoring, and measurement of paraspinal electromyogram (EMG), one group received paraspinal EMG biofeedback and another a placebo treatment. The third group received no intervention. Two further assessments were carried out on all groups immediately after treatment and at a 3-month follow-up. All groups showed significant reduction in pain, anxiety, depression, and paraspinal EMG following treatment and at follow-up, but there were no differences between groups. A regression analysis failed to identify subjects' characteristics that predicted positive outcome in the biofeedback group. However, high scores on the Evaluative scale of the McGill Pain Questionnaire and high hypnotizability were significant predictors of positive outcome for the placebo group. It is concluded that paraspinal EMG biofeedback is not a specific treatment for chronic low back pain in a nonhospitalized population.

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Treatment of low back strain with electromyographic bio-feedback and relaxation training

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

A time series analysis of the relationship between ambulatory EMG, pain, and stress in chronic low back pain

A time series analysis of the relationship between ambulatory EMG, pain, and stress in chronic low back pain

Applied Relaxation in the Management of Chronic Pain

A controlled evaluation of paraspinal EMG biofeedback in the treatment of chronic low back pain.

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