Treatment of municipal wastewater using laterite-based constructed soil filter

Kadam, Avinash M.; Nemade, P.D.; Oza, Goldie; Shankar, H. S.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.03.008

Cited by 64 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Concerning bacterial indicators, the average removal of fecal bacteria indicators and pathogens ranged from 1.01 to 1.42 log units. The removal efficiencies were similar to those of the subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetland (El Hamouri et al 2007) and vertical flow constructed wetland (Torrens et al 2009), and was lower than those of soil/sand filters tested by Kadam et al (2009) and Ausland et al (2002) (Table 4). Several other studies have also demonstrated the high ability of the soil to eliminate pathogens using planted or non-planted sand columns (Bomo et al 2003;Wand et al 2007) and constructed wetlands (Molleda et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Removal of bacterial indicators and pathogens from domestic wastewater by the multi-soil-layering (MSL) system

Latrach

Masunaga

Ouazzani

et al. 2014

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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This paper presents the performance and behavior of a multi-soil-layering (MSL) system to remove fecal contamination bacteria indicators and pathogens from domestic wastewater. The experimental setup was performed using a laboratory-scale MSL system (depth 30 × width 36 × height 65 cm). The MSL system was composed of soil mixture blocks (SMB) arranged in a brick-like pattern and surrounded by permeable gravel layers (PL). The SMB comprised sandy soil, charcoal, sawdust and metal iron at a dry weight ratio of 7:1:1:1. The hydraulic loading rate was 200 L m −2 day −1. Bacteriological analyses comprised total bacterial count at 22 and 37°C, fecal coliforms, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, streptococci, intestinal enterococci and pathogenic bacteria: Clostridium sp., Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Salmonella sp. The best removal efficiency was achieved for Staphylococcus sp. by 1.42 log unit, while the lowest removal efficiency was found for E. coli by 1.01 log unit. The mean removal efficiencies of total suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) were 93, 86, 81, 78 and 80%, respectively. Based on these results, the MSL system could efficiently remove organic matter, phosphorus and nitrogen. However, the performance to reduce bacterial indicators and pathogens was still moderate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Removal of bacterial indicators and pathogens from domestic wastewater by the multi-soil-layering (MSL) system

Latrach

Masunaga

Ouazzani

et al. 2014

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…This can also diminish organic matter loads using a part of the influent COD as carbon source during a denitrification process. Actually, this concept has been widely employed in wastewater treatment processes, including the activated sludge systems (Maranon et al 2008), constructed wetlands (Poldvere et al 2010) and soil filters (Kadam et al 2009), but never in MSL systems. Moreover, immediately after reactor start-up, recirculation can be helpful to ensure the consistent moisture content throughout the vertical media profile of the reactor and accelerate the establishment of a viable microbial population, thereby shortening the time required to initiate the decomposition process.…”

Section: Recirculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of operating factors on the contaminants removal of a soil filter: multi-soil-layering system

et al. 2015

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As a soil filter, the multi-soil-layering (MSL) system has several advantages over some other conventional soil-based systems, including higher hydraulic load rate (HLR) and lower probability of clogging. However, the role of operating factors on the performance of MSL is insufficiently understood, and this limits its further application to some extent. The present paper provides a holistic overview of the crucial operating parameters, including clogging and HLR, aeration, media composition and structure, temperature, and C/N ratio. In particular, clogging and HLR are discussed extensively, since they could cause much greater deterioration over the lifetime of the soil filter than the other factors. There are currently few relevant reports regarding the balance between maintaining the reasonable range of HLR and minimizing less chance of clogging. To fill this research gap, this paper proposes two applicable ways to reduce the opportunity for clogging, namely, system suspension and/or enhanced aeration, which will be time-saving and low cost. In addition, to increase the denitrification capacity of MSL, effluent recirculation is proposed, a novel recommendation based on the municipal wastewater treatment processes, which could also improve the controllability of MSL from the perspective of biochemical reaction.

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“…Vermicomposting of sewage sludge was one of the first wastes to be researched (Edwards, 2011) with this process being utilized selectively in the USA and Australia (Sinha et al, 2010). More recently, researchers have been exploring the use of vermifilters (biological filters containing worms) for the treatment of sewage sludge with high water content (Zhao et al, 2010) and wastewater (Jiang et al, 2016, Kadam et al, 2009Li et al, 2009). Additionally, a small-scale vermifilter for treating fecal sludge at a household level has been developed and trialed for use in low-to middle-income countries (Furlong et al, 2014(Furlong et al, , 2015(Furlong et al, , 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is composting worm availability the main barrier to large-scale adoption of worm-based organic waste processing technologies?

Furlong

Rajapaksha

Butt

et al. 2017

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Organic waste is the largest typology of waste generated globally, which if untreated, can causes environmental pollution and be a public health risk. The worm-based processing of organic waste is known as vermicomposting and is recognized as a sustainable approach for the management of organic waste streams. Although this technology has been around since the 1970s and many different organic wastes have been successfully processed via vermicomposting, this technology has not been widely adopted at national or international levels. This paper explores the hypothesis that the availability of composting worms is the reason for low uptake of this technology. A market analysis of composting worm farm (vermiculture) businesses in two countries (South Africa and India) was undertaken to explore the hypothesis. It was found that the Indian market had the capacity to supply over 70,000 kg of worms per month, whilst for the South Africa market this was 3000 kg. Both markets have the capability to increase production by two-fold or more. Overall, the study concludes that worm supply is not a barrier to the scaling-up of worm-based technologies in either country. Additionally, these countries show the potential to assist development of wormbased systems in neighboring countries through export of composting worms.

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Treatment of municipal wastewater using laterite-based constructed soil filter

Cited by 64 publications

References 30 publications

Removal of bacterial indicators and pathogens from domestic wastewater by the multi-soil-layering (MSL) system

Removal of bacterial indicators and pathogens from domestic wastewater by the multi-soil-layering (MSL) system

Effect of operating factors on the contaminants removal of a soil filter: multi-soil-layering system

Is composting worm availability the main barrier to large-scale adoption of worm-based organic waste processing technologies?

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