Treatment of ocular squamous cell carcinomas in cattle with interleukin‐2

Abstract

In total, 174 bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas of varying sizes (20 to 2800 mm2 in area) were treated daily with peritumoural injections of solvent, or solvent containing 5000 U, 20,000 U, 200,000 U, 500,000 U, 1 million U or 2 million U interleukin-2 (il-2) for 10 days. The tumours were measured and clinically staged before treatment and at one, three, four, nine and 20 months after treatment. After 20 months, 14 per cent of the tumours treated with the solvent had regressed completely, a significantly smaller proportion than the 55 per cent treated with 5000 U il-2, 52 per cent treated with 20,000 U il-2, 58 per cent treated with 200,000 U il-2, 50 per cent treated with 500,000 U il-2, 69 per cent of tumours treated with 1 million U il-2, 52 per cent treated with 2 million U il-2. The tumours on the third eyelid and limbus were the most responsive.

Mitomycin C, with or without surgery, for the treatment of ocular squamous cell carcinoma in horses

“…Therapies involving strontium-90, cobalt-60, gold-198, iridium-192, caesium-137, iodine-125 and radon-222, with or without preceding surgery, have been described (Frauenfelder and others 1982, Wilkie and Burt 1990, Théon and Pascoe 1995, Chahory and others 2002, Mosunic and others 2004). Other reported therapy options are laser ablation (English and others 1990), cryotherapy (Bosch and Klein 2005), photodynamic therapy (Giuliano and others 2008), immunotherapy with BCG, interferon-α2b or interleukin-2 (McCalla and others 1992, Holcombe and Lee 2006, Stewart and others 2006) and chemotherapy (Hewes and Sullins 2006). …”

Malignant Catarrhal Fever of Cattle Is Associated with Low Abundance of IL-2 Transcript and a Predominantly Latent Profile of Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Gene Expression

“…However, it has to be kept in mind that IL-2 functions mainly in the lymphnodes and peripheral IL-2 concentrations do not necessarily correctly reflect the micro situation in the lymphnode. Indeed, it has been shown by others that IL-2 supplementation may have considerable effects on the immune responses, while measurement of peripheral IL-2 expression and applied amount of external IL-2 were not a good indicators for its function in vivo [72], [73].…”

The effect of interleukin-2 on canine peripheral nerve sheath tumours after marginal surgical excision: a double-blind randomized study

“…In contrast, it has been reported to have a beneficial effect in various types of tumours in humans [16,17] and animals [25,29-31,35,36,39], providing a 6% complete response (CR) and 10% partial response (PR) in one study [16] or a 50% decrease in nasal angiosarcoma size in another [17]. In other studies, mice with inoculated lymphoma or mastocytoma treated intraperitoneally with IL-2 achieved a 70–90% CR [29-31], cattle with ocular squamous cell carcinoma treated with peritumoural IL-2 achieved a 69% CR [35], and horses with sarcoid tumours achieved a 14% PR and 43% CR with intratumoural IL-2 [36]. While systemic administration of IL-2 has also been used, locoregional administration strategies are more effective and successful [23,26].…”

“…The treatment was well tolerated and had antitumour activity. Other tumours successfully treated with intratumoural rhIL2 therapy include canine transmissible venereal tumours [34], bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas [35], equine sarcoid tumours [36], and canine mast cell tumours [37]. …”