Treatment of oral hyperpigmentation and gummy smile using lasers and role of plasma as a novel treatment technique in dentistry: An introductory review

Jha, Nayansi; Ryu, Jae Jun; Wahab, Rizwan; Al-Khedhairy, Abdulaziz A.; Choi, Eun Ha; Kaushik, N. K.

doi:10.18632/oncotarget.14887

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In the last decade, 'plasma medicine' as an interdisciplinary topic has been a large portion of plasma applications, and collaborations between plasma physicists and biologists have led to an advance our knowledge of this topic. Recent remarkable achievements have been observed for cancer therapy (plasma-activated immune response leading to cell death in tumors [14]) and chronic wound healing (plasmaaided proliferation of fibroblasts and angiogenesis [15]) using plasma technology. Another impressive topic is the plasma applications for food and agriculture, namely 'plasma farming,' which is defined as a 'comprehensive plasma application to the entire agricultural stages from farm to table.'…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron characterization in weakly ionized collisional plasmas: from principles to techniques

Park

Choe

Moon

et al. 2018

Advances in Physics: X

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Weakly ionized plasmas at or near 1 atm pressure, or atmospheric-pressure plasmas, have received increasing attention due to their scientific significance and potential for use in a variety of applications, particularly for medicine, agriculture, and food. However, there is a large imbalance between scientific research on plasma physics and applications, which is partly due to the considerable differences in the characteristics of these plasmas compared with those of low-pressure plasmas. This discrepancy is particularly related to the difficulty in performing plasma diagnostics for highly collisional plasmas. Information on electrons (such as the electron density and temperature) is essential since electrons play a dominant role in the generation of active species related to the physical and chemical processes inside the plasma. So far, limited diagnostics have been available for electrons such as Thomson scattering and optical emission diagnostics based on equilibrium models. Here, we review the available diagnostic methods along with their merits and limitations for characterizing electrons in weakly ionized collisional plasmas. Particular attention is paid to continuum radiation-based spectroscopy, which facilitates multidimensional imaging of electron density and temperature. The future impact of these plasmas on relevant fields (i.e. laboratory and industrial plasmas and their applications) is also addressed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron characterization in weakly ionized collisional plasmas: from principles to techniques

Park

Choe

Moon

et al. 2018

Advances in Physics: X

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“…Plasma medicine has emerged as a field of research combining the aspects of physics and life sciences [ 20 , 21 ]. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) has been used extensively for biomedical applications.…”

Section: Sources Of Ros In Dentistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation and Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Induced by Plasma, Lasers, Chemical Agents, and Other Systems in Dentistry

Jha

Ryu

Choi

et al. 2017

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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The generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) has been found to occur during inflammatory procedures, during cell ischemia, and in various crucial developmental processes such as cell differentiation and along cell signaling pathways. The most common sources of intracellular RONS are the mitochondrial electron transport system, NADH oxidase, and cytochrome P450. In this review, we analyzed the extracellular and intracellular sources of reactive species, their cell signaling pathways, the mechanisms of action, and their positive and negative effects in the dental field. In dentistry, ROS can be found—in lasers, photosensitizers, bleaching agents, cold plasma, and even resin cements, all of which contribute to the generation and prevalence of ROS. Nonthermal plasma has been used as a source of ROS for biomedical applications and has the potential for use with dental stem cells as well. There are different types of dental stem cells, but their therapeutic use remains largely untapped, with the focus currently on only periodontal ligament stem cells. More research is necessary in this area, including studies about ROS mechanisms with dental cells, along with the utilization of reactive species in redox medicine. Such studies will help to provide successful treatment modalities for various diseases.

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“…Jha et al 34 treated gingival hyperpigmentation and stated that dental lasers are advanced modalities with enhanced precision of control compared to other depigmentation procedures. Laser procedures are safer, more comfortable and user-friendly to both patients and dentists and are expected to become more popular in time.…”

Section: Gpimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of 940 nm Diode Laser and Cryosurgery With Liquid Nitrogen in the Treatment of Gingival Physiologic Hyperpigmentation Using Split Mouth Technique: 12 Months Follow Up

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Gingival hyperpigmentation is excessive deposition of melanin pigments in the epithelium of gingiva which affects facial esthetics. Various surgical methods for gingival depigmentation have been used to treat the darkened color of pigmented gingiva. This study compared the use of 940 nm diode laser and liquid nitrogen cryosurgery in the treatment of gingival physiologic hyperpigmentation in terms of gingival depigmentation, postoperative pain, healing duration, pigmentation recurrence, and patients’ satisfaction. Methods: Fifteen systemically healthy patients (11 females and 4 males; 17-35 years of age) with bilateral gingival physiologic hyperpigmentation were enrolled in this split-mouth randomized study. Maxillary anterior labial gingiva of each patient was divided into left and right halves, and each half was randomly depigmented by either laser or cryosurgery. Patients were given questionnaires to evaluate the procedures and were followed up in 3, 7, 10, 17 and 21 days postoperatively for the assessment of gingival healing and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the treatments to detect any sign of pigmentation recurrence. Results: The severity of post-op pain measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) was mild to average and showed no significant difference between the 2 modalities (P>0.05). There was no considerable swelling or hemorrhage after the treatment procedures and the healing duration was significantly shorter in laser (P<0.05). The degree of pigmentation in all gingival sites treated by laser reached and remained at zero until the last follow up (1 year) and reached zero in 9 out of 15 cryosurgerytreated sites. All patients were completely satisfied with the laser, and 9 out of 15 were completely satisfied with cryosurgery. No pigmentation recurrence was observed during any follow-up periods. Conclusion: Removal of gingival physiologic hyperpigmentation by laser therapy and cryotherapy was effective and safe. The efficiency of the laser was better than cryotherapy.

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Treatment of oral hyperpigmentation and gummy smile using lasers and role of plasma as a novel treatment technique in dentistry: An introductory review

Cited by 31 publications

References 61 publications

Electron characterization in weakly ionized collisional plasmas: from principles to techniques

Electron characterization in weakly ionized collisional plasmas: from principles to techniques

Generation and Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Induced by Plasma, Lasers, Chemical Agents, and Other Systems in Dentistry

A Comparison of 940 nm Diode Laser and Cryosurgery With Liquid Nitrogen in the Treatment of Gingival Physiologic Hyperpigmentation Using Split Mouth Technique: 12 Months Follow Up

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