Context: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing skin disorder that affects all ages including infancy and childhood. There are many proved and unproved treatments for atopic dermatitis.Evidence Acquisition: Data sources of this narrative review included studies about pediatric atopic dermatitis with the following keywords, pediatric, atopic dermatitis, immunity, acute, chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin disorder, infancy, childhood, diagnosis, management and treatment. All of the articles were written in English language with full text on management or treatment.Results: Innate and adaptive immune system involved atopic dermatitis. Major characteristics of atopic dermatitis include pruritus, chronic or relapsing lesions and personal or family history of atopic disease. There is no specific treatment for atopic dermatitis. The treatment included rehydration, emollients, topical steroid, calcineurin inhibitors and immunosuppressant. Crisaborole topical ointment, a PDE4 anti-inflammatory topical agent (phase three of the research) could be effective in atopic dermatitis.
Conclusions:Avoidance from trigger factors and emollients are basic treatments of atopic dermatitis.Keywords: Pediatrics, Dermatitis, Atopic, Theapy
ContextAtopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic, relapsing and pruritic inflammatory skin disorder seen during infancy and childhood that has increased two to three times over the past three decades (1-3). It is characterized by an epidermal barrier abnormality, cutaneous inflammation, immune dysregulation with a systemic 'allergic' TH2 cell response, and frequent Staphylococcus aurous colonization (3). Atopic dermatitis involves approximately 10 to 30% of children (4). Ghaffari et al. (5,6) showed that children atopic dermatitis prevalence is 5.98% and 6.52% in 6 to 7 and 13 to 14 year-olds in Iran, respectively. The diagnosis is usually made clinically after exclusion of other similar disorders. There are no laboratory specific tests for diagnosis of AD. The most important in the management of Ad is rehydration of the skin. Also avoidance of irritants and allergens is more important. Baths for a few minutes followed by immediate application of an emollient can improve skin manifestations (4). Occasionally, topical steroids or calcineurin inhibitors are used for relief of skin manifestations. Rarely, systemic immunosuppressants, such as steroid, are consumed in severe or refractory AD. The aim of this study was to review up to date papers about atopic dermatitis treatment in children.
Evidence AcquisitionData sources of this narrative review included studies about pediatric atopic dermatitis indexed in several international databases and also a recent paper by one of the authors about prevalence of atopic dermatitis. Keywords for searching the databases included pediatric, atopic dermatitis, immunity, acute, chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin disorder, infancy, childhood, diagnosis and treatment. Studies that were not about children were excluded. Qualitative data are presented i...