Treatment of polluted water resources using reactive polymeric hydrogel

Abstract

An experimental work was conducted to study the performance of the already prepared polyvinyl pyrrolidone/acrylic acid (PVP/AAc) copolymer hydrogel to chelate heavy metals from bulk solution. Studies of the binding capacity, adsorption isotherm, and adsorption kinetic experiments showed that PVP/AAc copolymer hydrogel has high binding capacities and good adsorption kinetic properties for the metal ions under investigation. The adsorption isotherms of such metal ions on the copolymer exhibit a Langmuir-type equation. The chelated copolymers were characterized by FTIR and XRD. Technical feasibility for the uses of the prepared PVP/AAc hydrogel for the treatment of polluted samples; collected from different water resources in Helwan area (Egypt) was investigated. The evaluation of the system was performed by a complete analysis of water samples before and after the treatment process. The results showed a promising possibility for producing water of better quality in the area under investigation, using such prepared hydrogel.

Characterization and adsorption properties of the chelating hydrogels derived from natural materials for possible use in the improvement of groundwater quality

“…A drop in the pH of the water samples was also observed, which may be explained by the exchange between metal ions Mn + and H + of the carboxylic group (COOH) in the hydogel, resulting in an excess proton in solution, leading to a drop in the pH 34…”

Duality of TiO<SUB align=right>2 nanoparticles: applications in photocatalysis and dye-sensitised solar cells fabrication

“…3.1 Wastewater treatment using autonomous solar reactor (Hafez et al, 2005;Shawky et al, 2006) The photocatalytic processes under sunlight using nanosized TiO 2 supported on Ahlstorm non-woven fibrous paper have been efficiently applied for the degradation of phenolic compounds such as Gallic acid. Moreover, the photodegradation rate of GA slightly increases when using TiO 2 supported photocatalyst in combination with Ru-complexes, as a singlet oxygen photosensitiser in a CPC photoreactor.…”

“…All experimental details, methods and materials have been reported elsewhere (Saif and Abdel-Mottaleb, 2007;Essawy et al, 2008;Hafez et al, 2005;Shawky et al, 2006;El Mekkawi and Abdel-Mottaleb, 2005;McLeskey et al, 2008).…”

“…Alternatively, the catalyst may be immobilised onto a suitable solid support, which would eliminate the need of post-treatment removal, but which would also create a decrease in the surface area available for photocatalytic reaction. Titania (TiO 2 ) is a well-known photocatalyst for decomposing a wide range of substances and among three crystalline phases of TiO 2 , nanosized anatase TiO 2 possesses enhanced photocatalytic activity and solar energy conversion capability (Saif and Abdel-Mottaleb, 2007;Essawy et al, 2008;Hafez et al, 2005;Shawky et al, 2006;El Mekkawi and Abdel-Mottaleb, 2005;McLeskey et al, 2008).…”

Removal of some hazardous materials from their solutions using active carbon‐filled poly vinyl alcohol/N‐vinyl pyrrolidone membrane subjected to freeze–thawing and gamma irradiation

“…Oxygen of the carbonyl groups of PVP is responsible for the interaction of the metal ions with the adsorbent. Because the mobile π electrons are pulled strongly toward oxygen, carbonyl carbon is electron deficient and carbonyl oxygen is electron rich, and metal ion acts as an electron acceptor and is taken by the coordination to the donor oxygen 31. Besides, the adsorption of the metal ions is because of the presence of amide group that could act as electron donor 32.…”