Treatment of Post-Traumatic Brain Edema

Larsson, A.; Asgeirsson, B.; Grände, Per‐Olof

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79154-3_72

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Usually symptoms occur at osmolality >350 mOsm/kg and experimentally it correlates with the speed of increase in hypernatremia. The danger level of Na + at which the symptoms appear is empirical 150-155 meq, as per some studies 41 , however sudden increase in natremia more than 30 mmol/l will certainly lead to lesions 42 . HS was found to be as effective as mannitol in neurosurgery in reducing brain bulk and ICP 36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Efficacy of different hypertonic solutes in the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension in severe head injury patients: A comparative study of 2ml/kg 7.5% hypertonic saline and 2ml/kg 20% mannitol

Chatterjee¹,

Chaudhury²,

Mukherjee³

et al. 2007

IJNT

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A prospective, randomized study to evaluate the clinical benefit of increasing the osmotic load of the hypertonic solution administered for the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension episodes in patients with severe head injury. 25 patients with severe head injury and persistent coma, admitted in a Neurocritical Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital, who required infusions of osmotic agents to treat episodes of intracranial hypertension resistant to well defined standard modes of therapy were randomly allocated to one of the two groups to receive isovolume infusions of either 7.5% hypertonic saline solution; HS [2400 mOsm/kg H2O] or 20% mannitol [1160 mOsm/kg of H2O] given 2ml/kg of either solution, i.e. 331.5 +/− 35.4 mOsm of hypertonic saline or 174.2 +/− 18 mOsm of mannitol per infusion. The variables recorded in the study were the duration and number of episodes of intracranial hypertension per day during the study period, which was stopped after the last episode of intracranial hypertension was recorded from intracranial pressure recording or after the allocated treatment failure. Patients of HS group were monitored for 7 +/− 6 days and those in the mannitol group for 8 +/− 5 days [p=NS]. The rate of failure for each treatment was also evaluated which was defined as the persistence of intracranial hypertension despite the two successive infusions of the same osmotic agent. The mean number of osmotic solute infusions was 3.4 +/− 4.5 in the HS group and 3.8 +/− 5.1 in mannitol group p=NS]. The mean number [7.1+/-2.9 vs. 14.6+/−3.4] of episodes of intracranial hypertension per day and the duration of such episode [62.6+/−28.1 vs. 93.4+/−37.2 min] was also significantly lower in the HS group [p<0.05]. The numbers of treatment failures were significantly lower in HS group: 1 out of 14 patients vs. 6 out of 11 patients [p<0.01]. In this study we have found that in patients with severe head injury requiring treatment with hypertonic solute for refractory intracranial hypertension, 2ml/kg body weight of 7.5% HS [356 +/− 14 mOsm] was more effective than giving 2ml/kg 20% mannitol [178 +/− 11mOsm]. Within the limitations of present study, the collected data suggest that giving 2ml/kg HS solution is an effective and safe initial treatment for intracranial hypertension episodes in head injury patients when there is indication of osmotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Efficacy of different hypertonic solutes in the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension in severe head injury patients: A comparative study of 2ml/kg 7.5% hypertonic saline and 2ml/kg 20% mannitol

Chatterjee¹,

Chaudhury²,

Mukherjee³

et al. 2007

IJNT

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“…1 The treatment of patients with severe head injury and intracranial hypertension sometimes requires the infusion of hypertonic solutes. [2][3][4] Knowing the serum osmolality of a patient is of great clinical importance in cases of severe head injury. For example, major hyperosmolality can contraindicate the continuation of a treatment with osmotic agents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculated Serum Osmolality Can Lead to a Systematic Bias Compared to Direct Measurement

Vialet

Leone

Albanèse

et al. 2005

Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology

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The reference method to measure serum osmolality (Mosm) is the delta cryoscopic method. However, the technology may not be available. Clinicians therefore must calculate osmolality (Cosm) as the sum of concentrations of selected principal solutes such as sodium, potassium, urea, and glucose. To evaluate the validity of Cosm in patients in hyperosmolar state we compared Cosm to Mosm. Twenty-two ICU patients treated by infusion of hypertonic solutes for intracranial hypertension following head injury were prospectively studied. A control group of 10 patients with hypernatremia due to medical causes was also evaluated. Na+, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and glucose were measured to calculate serum osmolality: Cosm = (2 x Na+) + BUN + glucose (in mOsm/kg). Measurement of serum osmolality was performed using the delta-cryoscopic method. The results of the two methods were compared by correlating the difference (Mosm-Cosm) between each pair of results with the mean of the pairs of results. Cosm underestimated Mosm (3.4 mOsm/kg, P < 0.02) in the control group whereas Cosm overestimated Mosm in patients who received hypertonic fluids (2.3 mOsm/kg, P < 0.03). Calculation of osmolality introduced a systematic bias, overestimating osmolality in the lower ranges and underestimating it in the higher ranges. In the range of hyperosmolality commonly used to manage intracranial hypertension following head trauma, serum osmolality, as determined by sum of principal serum solutes, compares poorly with direct measurement using standard osmometry.

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Treatment of Post-Traumatic Brain Edema

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

Efficacy of different hypertonic solutes in the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension in severe head injury patients: A comparative study of 2ml/kg 7.5% hypertonic saline and 2ml/kg 20% mannitol

Efficacy of different hypertonic solutes in the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension in severe head injury patients: A comparative study of 2ml/kg 7.5% hypertonic saline and 2ml/kg 20% mannitol

Calculated Serum Osmolality Can Lead to a Systematic Bias Compared to Direct Measurement

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