Treatment of Premenstrual Exacerbation of Schizophrenia

Levitte, Susan S.

doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(97)71406-3

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A number of studies have documented premenstrual and perimenstrual occurrence of psychosis or exacerbation of existing psychotic disorders, 18 and PME of schizophrenia has been described also 6,7 . However, reports investigating the PME rate for psychotic disorders are lacking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…For example, some studies have shown that 45–50% of admissions of premenopausal women for psychiatric reasons occurred during the premenstrual or menstrual phase of their cycle 9 . Further, PME of anxiety symptoms, 10,11 suicidal behavior, 12 and frequency of panic attacks has been reported for PD patients, 10 together with analogous exacerbation for symptoms of depression, 13 schizophrenia 7 and eating disorders 14 . Such studies have almost exclusively been conducted in western countries and there is a paucity of evidence‐based information for Chinese populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Although PMS is a condition commonly associated with psychiatric symptoms of a non‐psychotic nature, a number of cases of premenstrual exacerbation (PME) of schizophrenia 6,7 and periodic psychosis associated with phases of the menstrual cycle has been described 8 . This phenomenon also appears to be linked to a decrease in estrogen levels 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Premenstrual symptoms and premenstrual exacerbation in patients with psychiatric disorders

Hsiao

Liu

2004

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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The aim of the present study was to examine the frequencies of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual exacerbation (PME) of a number of psychiatric disorders in Chinese subjects. Premenstrual syndrome was assessed using a symptom checklist based on International Classification of Diseases (10th revision; ICD-10) criteria. Premenstrual exacerbation was defined as premenstrual worsening of pre-existing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder (depressive disorders, DD), panic disorder (PD), or schizophrenia (SCH). Fifty outpatients were randomly sampled for each diagnostic group. Diagnosis was performed by psychiatrists using the structured Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and the frequencies of PMS and PME were compared for the different diagnostic groups. The PMS symptoms were reported by 78%, 80%, 68%, and 52% of GAD, DD, PD, and SCH patients, respectively, with 52%, 52%, 36%, and 20% fulfilling the definition of PME. No significant statistical relationships between diagnostic entities and family history of PMS, years of education, or age were demonstrated, but number of PMS symptoms was associated with severity of PME. No significant relationships were demonstrated between PME and marital status, parity, years of education, age, or family history of PMS. The results showed that high PME rates were noted for a sample of Chinese women with mental disorders, especially those with depressive and anxiety disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Premenstrual symptoms and premenstrual exacerbation in patients with psychiatric disorders

Hsiao

Liu

2004

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…The literature also includes examples of exacerbation of bipolar disorder (Hendrick et al 1996), exacerbation of schizophrenic symptoms (Harris 1997;Levitte 1997;Riecher-Rossler 2002;Hsiao et al 2004;Bergemann et al 2007) and the presentation of psychotic symptoms in major depression during the premenstrual and menstrual phases. Due to the physiological changes underpinning the menstrual cycle, research has focused upon physiological reasons for these phenomena, such as the impact of fluctuation in hormone levels However, a definitive aetiology has not been established (Clayton 2008) and research into disorders such as PMS has produced evidence that social, cultural (Slade 1984;Bancroft and Backstrom 1985) and cognitive factors (Reading 1992) also impact on menstruation-related distress.…”

Section: Relationships Between Paranoia Self-esteem and The Menstruamentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between paranoid thinking, self-esteem and the menstrual cycle

Brock

Rowse

Slade

2015

Arch Womens Ment Health

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This study aimed to investigate whether paranoid experiences and levels of self-esteem fluctuate over the menstrual cycle and whether levels of self-esteem are lower when perceived persecution is felt to be deserved.Measures of anxiety, depression, persecution, deservedness and self-esteem were completed on-line by 278 women over their menstrual cycle. Responses were compared at the paramenstrual (three days before and after menses onset) and mid-cycle phase.At the paramenstrual phase persecution, negative self-esteem, anxiety and depression were higher and positive self-esteem was lower than at mid-cycle. A greater proportion of women experienced persecution as deserved at the paramenstrual phase. This was associated with higher depression and negative self-esteem scores.Increased levels of deservedness significantly strengthened the relationship between persecution and negative, but not positive, self-esteem.These findings suggest that the paramenstrual phase is a time of vulnerability to increased paranoid experiences, an increased likelihood that feelings of persecution will feel deserved and lowered self-esteem. The findings support the view that interpersonal sensitivities may be key to menstrual cycle symptoms and have an impact on relationships. Further, the study illustrated that ideas developed for psychosis could make a valuable contribution to understanding and managing this aspect of menstruation-related distress. KeywordsParanoia; Self-esteem; Menstruation; Premenstrual; Deservedness PARANOIA, SELF-ESTEEM AND THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE 3 Relationships between Paranoia, Self-Esteem and the Menstrual CycleThe menstrual cycle is characterised by hormonal fluctuations which accompany the processes of ovulation and menses in female human reproduction. The phases of the cycle have been linked to changes in both physical and psychological phenomena, the presentation and intensity of which varies considerably from woman to woman (Gonda et al. 2008). Typically, negative effects occur in the few days preceding and during menstruation. Increased interpersonal oversensitivity is commonly reported within the PMS literature (Pinkerton et al. 2010). Such sensitivities are likely to have major impacts upon relationships, and other commonly reported symptoms such as anxiety and depression. However, these sensitivities are rarely specifically investigated.! Paranoia and low self-esteem both reflect oversensitivity to interactions with others.Links between menstrual cycle phase and psychosis have long been postulated (see Brockington 2005 for a review). The literature also includes examples of exacerbation of bipolar disorder (Hendrick et al. 1996), exacerbation of schizophrenic symptoms (Harris 1997;Levitte 1997;Riecher-Rossler 2002;Hsiao et al. 2004;Bergemann et al. 2007) and the presentation of psychotic symptoms in major depression during the premenstrual and menstrual phases. Due to the physiological changes underpinning the menstrual cycle, research has focused upon physiological reasons for these phenomena, s...

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“…In such cases, psychotic symptoms are manifested only premenstrually. Symptoms in some individuals with premenstrual exacerbations of psychotic disorders remit with progesterone (Levitte, 1997) or estrogen (Korhonen, Saarijaevi, & Aito, 1995; Seeman, 1996) treatment. However, there was no evidence to support a hypothesis that ongoing schizophrenic disorders worsen premenstrually in one of the few empirical studies to address this topic (Abramowitz et al, 1982).…”

Section: Psychiatric Disorders Exacerbated Premenstruallymentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating premenstrual dysphoric disorder from premenstrual exacerbations of other disorders: A methods dilemma.

Hartlage

Gehlert

2001

Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice

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Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and premenstrual exacerbations of other disorders are difficult to distinguish. Previous methods, such as excluding women with other disorders from a PMDD diagnosis, do not enable a dual diagnosis. Our objective is to advance conceptual and clinical thinking and stimulate dialogue regarding this methods dilemma. The discussion sheds light on comorbidity in general, regardless of the disorders. Considering fundamental criteria for severe premenstrual disorders helps distinguish the phenomena of interest. A proposed method allows identification of PMDD co‐occurring with other disorders. PMDD symptoms can be differentiated by their nature and timing (e.g., cyclic depressed mood could be a PMDD symptom, but cyclic binge eating or depressed mood all month long could not be). Impairment must increase premenstrually for a PMDD diagnosis. The proposed method is an advance, but specified unanswered questions remain.

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Treatment of Premenstrual Exacerbation of Schizophrenia

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Premenstrual symptoms and premenstrual exacerbation in patients with psychiatric disorders

Premenstrual symptoms and premenstrual exacerbation in patients with psychiatric disorders

Relationships between paranoid thinking, self-esteem and the menstrual cycle

Differentiating premenstrual dysphoric disorder from premenstrual exacerbations of other disorders: A methods dilemma.

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