Treatment of Primary Enuresis in a Mentally Retarded Adult: The Need to Supplement The Bell and Pad Procedure

Radler, Gary; Hudson, Alan R.; Boag, Paul G.

doi:10.3109/13668258209018831

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A review of the literature reveals that contingency contracting has been shown to facilitate behavior change across all age groups and educational levels. In addition to the studies cited above, contract procedures have been successfully employed with special populations, including underachievers (e.g., Stevenson & Fantuzzo, 1986) and mentally handicapped persons (e.g., Jenkins & Gorrafa, 1974;Radler, Hudson, & Boag, 1982).…”

Section: Applications Of Contingency Contractingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of personal hygiene and grooming behaviors with contingency contracting: A brief review and case study

Allen¹,

Kramer²

1990

Psychol. Schs.

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A discussion of the basic components and characteristics of contingency contracts is presented. A case study is included in which contingency contracting procedures were integrated within a behavioral consultation model used by a school psychologist consulting with a classroom teacher. An attempt was made by teacher and psychologist to modify the personal hygiene and grooming behaviors of a 12-year-old male. A changing-criterion design was employed to assess treatment effects, and social validation measures were implemented to evaluate the impact of the intervention on significant others in the child's natural environment. Results indicated a marked increase in the number of appropriate hygiene behaviors exhibited daily as well as in the incidence rate of each target behavior. Social validation data revealed noticeable improvements in the subject's personal appearance consistent with the findings reported by the classroom teacher. The present investigation demonstrates the manner in which a behavioral consultation model may be implemented in a school setting. Single-subject designs and social validation procedures offer an effective means for evaluating the efficacy and impact of treatment programs.A contingency contract is a written form of agreement that outlines the contingencies to be applied to behavior by clearly delineating who is to do what for whom under what circumstances (Weathers & Liberman, 1975). A contract provides a framework within which the principles of behavior management may be used to shape or modify behavior.Although there are many considerations that may need to be specified in a contingency contract, Stuart (1971) has suggested five basic components for inclusion. First, the responsibilities (behaviors) of all parties must be specified in clear and definitive terms. Second, the privileges or rewards that each party expects to receive for fulfilling their respective responsibilities are identified. Third, bonuses that provide reinforcement for superior performance and/or compliance to contract are detailed. Fourth, a system of sanctions for failure to meet responsibilities is outlined. Lastly, provisions for a monitoring system must be detailed as a means to determine when responsibilities have been fulfilled and a privilege is due. The monitoring system should specify a time frame for contract implementation, including scheduled progress reviews.Homme (1969) argued that in order to be effective contingency contracts must be formulated systematically and with adherence to principles of behavior. According to Homme, a contract must be fair, honest, and positive, the terms of the contract must be clear, and contracting must be used systematically. Applications of Contingency ContractingThe theoretical and practical aspects of contingency contracting were initially outlined in work by Homme (1969) and Stuart (1971; Stuart & Lott, 1972). Since that time, contracting has been used as a strategy to change behavior in a wide variety of contexts. Applications of the procedure vary primarily in te...

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Section: Applications Of Contingency Contractingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of personal hygiene and grooming behaviors with contingency contracting: A brief review and case study

Allen¹,

Kramer²

1990

Psychol. Schs.

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show abstract

“…In order to enhance therapeutic outcome and long-term maintenance, multicomponent programs have been devised which incorporate with the enuresis alarm procedure such strategies as dry bed training (Azrin, Sneed & Foxx, 1973), retention control training (Fielding, 1980(Fielding, , 1985 and behavioural contracting (Radler, Hudson & Boag, 1982). The outcome research, which has compared the effectiveness of single and multicomponent strategies, has produced both equivocal and contradictory findings (Fielding, 1985;Kolko, 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis in a Boy with Down's Syndrome

Hamilton¹

1988

Behav. change

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Primary nocturnal enuresis in a nine-year-old boy with Down's Syndrome was treated successfully with an enuresis alarm. A criterion of four consecutive dry weeks was reached after fourteen weeks and the child remained dry at six-month and twelve-month follow-up. Treatment included a gradual withdrawal phase. The study replicates others showing that a simple ‘bell and pad’ procedure can suffice. Client, family and procedural variables associated with success and failure of alarm treatments are discussed.

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Mental Retardation

Madle¹,

Neisworth²

1990

International Handbook of Behavior Modification and Therapy

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Treatment of Primary Enuresis in a Mentally Retarded Adult: The Need to Supplement The Bell and Pad Procedure

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Modification of personal hygiene and grooming behaviors with contingency contracting: A brief review and case study

Modification of personal hygiene and grooming behaviors with contingency contracting: A brief review and case study

Treatment of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis in a Boy with Down's Syndrome

Mental Retardation

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