Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious biofilms: Challenges and strategies

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium, is one of the major pathogens implicated in human opportunistic infection and a common cause of clinically persistent infections such as cystic fibrosis, urinary tract infections, and burn infections. The main reason for the persistence of P. aeruginosa infections is due to the ability of P. aeruginosa to secrete extracellular polymeric substances such as exopolysaccharides, matrix proteins, and extracellular DNA during invasion. These substances adhere to and wrap around bacterial cells to form a biofilm. Biofilm formation leads to multiple antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa, posing a significant challenge to conventional single antibiotic therapeutic approaches. It has therefore become particularly important to develop anti-biofilm drugs. In recent years, a number of new alternative drugs have been developed to treat P. aeruginosa infectious biofilms, including antimicrobial peptides, quorum-sensing inhibitors, bacteriophage therapy, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. This article briefly introduces the process and regulation of P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and reviews several developed anti-biofilm treatment technologies to provide new directions for the treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilm infection.

Role of Efflux Pumps on Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…Bacterial biofilms consist of microbial communities structured and organized in a matrix of exopolysaccharides (EPS), produced and secreted by the organisms themselves, adhered to a surface [ 184 ]. Efflux pumps play an important role in bacterial biofilm formation.…”

Resilience and Charge-Dependent Fibrillation of Functional Amyloids: Interactions ofPseudomonasBiofilm-Associated FapB and FapC

“…Given the significant health and environmental impacts of Pseudomonas infections, particularly the resistance of P. aeruginosa biofilms to antimicrobial treatments and their ability to evade host defenses [59][60][61][62][63][64] , a deeper understanding of their virulent amyloids is essential. Our research uncovers the remarkable thermal and chemical resilience of FapB and FapC fibrils.…”

Evaluation of the Application Effect of a New Anti-reflux Water Injection Tube Device in the Prevention of the Contamination of Endoscopy Water Injection Bottles

“…P. aeruginosa is one of the primary pathogens causing hospital infection. It can cause various life-threatening acute or chronic infections, especially easy to infect patients with impaired immune defense systems [ 17 , 18 ]. E. coli is the most crucial pathogenic bacterium for nosocomial infections, mainly causing bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, lung infections, and abdominal infections [ 19 ].…”