Treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent using low cost adsorbents: An overview

Abstract

In the present review, the suitability of adsorption process using low cost adsorbent for the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent has been discussed. It is clear that adsorption processes are appropriate for the removal of recalcitrant compounds such as surfactants and pesticides, among others biodegradable or non-biodegradable compound present in pulp and paper mills effluents. The importance of the adsorption is to improvement of the removal of various physico-chemical (biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, suspended solids, lignin), heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Fe, Zn, Ni and Mn etc) organochlorine compounds, all recalcitrant pollutant, reduce toxicity, enhance colour removal by using different cost effective adsorbents. The effective use of the different adsorbents developed from different adsorbent media such as activated carbon, agriculture by product and industrial wastes and sludge as adsorbents for the removal of different pollutants from the various processes and operations of pulp and paper mill as potential alternatives to different treatment process and received widespread attention. Adsorption necessity is a novel treatment option to improve the efficiency of removal within the discharge limits of wastewaters into the receiving bodies without causing any damage of the environment. However, still there is a need to find out the practical usefulness of such low cost adsorbent at industrial scale with the special reference to metals.

Removal of Toxicants from Leather Industrial Wastewater Using Sawdust Filter Media and Ferric Oxide Coagulant

“…There are many techniques are available for tannery wastewater treatment to remove toxicant or pollution load but adsorption is one of the promising processes for wastewater treatment. Recently, low cost materials, including rice-husk, maple sawdust, soya cake, coal ash, peat and bone char, have been investigated as adsorbents for wastewater treatment 5 . Au et al,(2018) 6 reported that saw dust was used to remove chromium from tannery effluents.…”

Surface Functionalized MXenes for Wastewater Treatment—A Comprehensive Review

“…Furthermore, pharmaceuticals such as ibuprofen, metoprolol, paracetamol, and sulfamethoxazole, when released into the environment can be highly toxic to humans, animals, and aquatic life. [50,53,59] Storm sewage includes sewage overflow and road runoff from precipitation that is collected in a system of pipes or open channels and may contain nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from fertilizers, yard, and petrochemical wastes that pollute water bodies during heavy rainfall or snowmelt. [60] The main objectives for wastewater treatment are to reduce the levels of solids, biodegradable organic matter, pathogens, and other toxic compounds in wastewater, to meet regulatory limits that are protective of both public health and the environment.…”

“…Classification and processes involved in conventional wastewater treatment. [49,53,59] X n T x . [82,90] Experimentally, the surface termination groups present in the MXene depend entirely on the synthesis conditions (such as etchant used, etching and delamination conditions, the types of M element, post synthetic procedure, and storage) employed during synthesis.…”

“…[ 49 ] Depending on the source of the solid loads, the resulting wastewater is classified into industrial, domestic, and storm sewage (natural processes) wastewater as depicted in Figure 2 . [ 49 ] Water is indispensable and serves various purposes in many industries including, petroleum, [ 50 , 51 ] mining, [ 52 ] pharmaceutical, [ 53 , 54 ] textile, [ 55 ] fertilizer [ 52 ] pulp and paper [ 53 ] and pesticides, [ 56 ] and a substantial proportion of this water ends up as industrial wastewater. For example, manufacturing or chemical processes and their resultant discharge with the associated pollutants (e.g., heavy metal, aromatic hydrocarbons and alkyl phenols, naturally occurring radioactive material, cyanides, ammonia, organochlorine‐based pesticides, pigments, dyes, arsenic trioxide) released into the environment creates significant and detrimental footprints and related health hazards.…”

“…Furthermore, pharmaceuticals such as ibuprofen, metoprolol, paracetamol, and sulfamethoxazole, when released into the environment can be highly toxic to humans, animals, and aquatic life. [ 50 , 53 , 59 ] Storm sewage includes sewage overflow and road runoff from precipitation that is collected in a system of pipes or open channels and may contain nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from fertilizers, yard, and petrochemical wastes that pollute water bodies during heavy rainfall or snowmelt. [ 60 ]…”