Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater by polyacrylamide (PAM) in polymer induced flocculation

Wong, S.S.; Teng, Tjoon Tow; Ahmad, A.L.; Zuhairi, Ahmad; Najafpour, Ghasem

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.11.076

Cited by 249 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…S6 of SI, this could be suggested that organic polymeric flocculants (eg. PAM) were able to generate larger and but loose flocs with good settling property through bridging and sweeping compared to metal salt coagulants (Wong et al, 2006).…”

Section: Kinetics Of Calcium Ionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Enhancement of waste activated sludge dewaterability using calcium peroxide pre-oxidation and chemical re-flocculation

et al. 2016

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a b s t r a c tThe effects of combined calcium peroxide (CaO 2 ) oxidation with chemical re-flocculation on dewatering performance and physicochemical properties of waste activated sludge was investigated in this study. The evolutions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) distribution, composition and morphological properties were analyzed to unravel the sludge conditioning mechanism. It was found that sludge filtration performance was enhanced by calcium peroxide oxidation with the optimal dosage of 20 mg/ gTSS. However, this enhancement was not observed at lower dosages due to the absence of oxidation and the performance deteriorated at higher dosages because of the release of excess EPS, mainly as proteinlike substances. The variation in soluble EPS (SEPS) component can be fitted well with pseudo-zero-order kinetic model under CaO 2 treatment. At the same time, extractable EPS content (SEPS and loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS)) were dramatically increased, indicating sludge flocs were effectively broken and their structure became looser after CaO 2 addition. The sludge floc structure was reconstructed and sludge dewaterability was significantly enhanced using chemical re-flocculation (polyaluminium chloride (PACl), ferric iron (FeCl 3 ) and polyacrylamide (PAM)). The inorganic coagulants performed better in improving sludge filtration dewatering performance and reducing cake moisture content than organic polymer, since they could act as skeleton builders and decrease the sludge compressibility.

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Section: Kinetics Of Calcium Ionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Enhancement of waste activated sludge dewaterability using calcium peroxide pre-oxidation and chemical re-flocculation

et al. 2016

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“…In particular, the HMW lignin compounds are not effectively degraded during conventional effluent treatment, and the majority of such compounds in wastewater may be discharged into receiving waters (Hyötyläinen and Knuutinen 1993). Lignin and its derivatives are recalcitrant and highly toxic compounds responsible for the high BOD and COD values of effluents as well as the dark brown color of pulp effluents formed during pulping (Wong et al 2006). In pulp bleaching, chlorine reacts with lignin, its derivatives, and other organic matter present in the pulp, forming highly toxic and recalcitrant compounds, such as chlorinated lignosulfonic acids, chlorinated resin acids, chlorinated phenols, guaiacols, catechols, benzaldehydes, vanillins, syringo-vanillins, and chloropropioguaiacols (Knuutinen 1982;Kringstad and Lindström 1984;Thakur 2004).…”

Section: Lignin and Its Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flocculantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With their very long chains, flocculants are able to overcome such barriers by adsorbing on two particles simultaneously. Such polyelectrolytes have become widely used in clarification of wastewater from P&P mills (Wang and Pan 1999;Wong et al 2006;Ahmad et al 2007Ahmad et al , 2008Žarković et al 2011;Ariffin et al 2012;Simonič and Vnučec 2012).Wastewater treatment operations commonly use sequential combinations of treatment with a coagulant, then with a cationic flocculant of very high mass but low charge density (Ghosh et al 1985;Ahmad et al 2007Ahmad et al , 2008Wang et al 2011;Žarković et al 2011;Ariffin et al 2012;Simonič and Vnučec 2012). The idea is to employ a suitable amount of a relatively inexpensive coagulant to reduce the surface charge of the suspended matter.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

Hubbe

Metts

Hermosilla

et al. 2016

BioRes

194

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The pulp and paper (P&P) industry worldwide has achieved substantial progress in treating both process water and wastewater, thus limiting the discharge of pollutants to receiving waters. This review covers a variety of wastewater treatment methods, which provide P&P companies with costeffective ways to limit the release of biological or chemical oxygen demand, toxicity, solids, color, and other indicators of pollutant load. Conventional wastewater treatment systems, often comprising primary clarification followed by activated sludge processes, have been widely implemented in the P&P industry. Higher levels of pollutant removal can be achieved by supplementary treatments, which can include anaerobic biological stages, advanced oxidation processes, bioreactors, and membrane filtration technologies. Improvements in the performance of wastewater treatment operations often can be achieved by effective measurement technologies and by strategic addition of agents including coagulants, flocculants, filter aids, and optimized fungal or bacterial cultures. In addition, P&P mills can implement upstream process changes, including dissolved-air-flotation (DAF) systems, filtration save-alls, and kidney-like operations to purify process waters, thus reducing the load of pollutants and the volume of effluent being discharged to end-of-pipe wastewater treatment plants. Keywords: Wastewater treatment; Pulp and paper manufacturing; Advanced oxidation; Membrane technologies; Clarification; Activated sludgeContact information: a: North Carolina State University, Dept. of Forest Biomaterials, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 29695-8005; b: WestRock Company, Water and Waste Treatment, 600 S 8th St, Fernandina Beach, FL 32034; c: Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, E-42004 Soria, Spain; d: Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ingn. Quim, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n,S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; e: Concordia University, Dept. Bldg. Civil & Environm. Engn., 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd, West Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada; f: University of Jyväskylä, Dept. Chem., Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; g: Department of Biology, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; h: Department of Environment and Planning, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Aveiro & Department of Materials and Ceramics, Institute of Materials, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; i: FPInnovations, 570 St. Jean Blvd., Pointe Claire, PQ H9R 3J9, Canada; * Corresponding author: hubbe@ncsu.edu Contents of the Article INTRODUCTIONThe pulp and paper (P&P) industry occupies a challenging position with respect to the natural environment. On the positive side, the industry is based on the usage of renewable, photosynthetic resources. On the other hand, the industry discharges huge quantities of aqueous effluents. Large volumes (up to 70 m 3 ) of wastewater ...

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“…The combined uses of anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) with coagulants in wastewater treatment have been reported as resulting in a number of benefits, for example: improving efficiency in removing pollutants while saving coagulants; and producing less sludge volumes with good dewaterability [31][32][33]. In Figure 3, it was shown that the addition of APAM can increase COD removal efficiencies for CEPT, while no obvious effects were noted for TP removal.…”

Section: Efficiencies Of Combined Use Of Fecl 3 and Apam In Ceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment (CEPT) as a Pretreatment Option for Anaerobic Digestate from Cattle Manure Digestion System

Gong

Luo

et al. 2017

Water

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Anaerobic digestate from cattle manure fermentation may pose a threat to the environment. How to stabilize the digestate's characteristics so that they do not disturb the bio-system is a critical issue for digestate management. Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) was investigated as a pretreatment option for digestate treatment. The performance of CEPT for digestate management was carried out under rapid mixing (200 r/min) and slow stirring (40 r/min), respectively. The optimal dosage of ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) was 40 mg/L. The combination of FeCl 3 and anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) had no obvious influence on TP removal, while COD removal efficiency was improved by 15.4%. The digestate pH and temperature remained stable for CEPT application and required no adjustment. The results indicate that CEPT was effective and feasible in enhancing the removal of COD and TP for digestate pretreatment by using FeCl 3 and APAM.

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Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater by polyacrylamide (PAM) in polymer induced flocculation

Cited by 249 publications

References 38 publications

Enhancement of waste activated sludge dewaterability using calcium peroxide pre-oxidation and chemical re-flocculation

Enhancement of waste activated sludge dewaterability using calcium peroxide pre-oxidation and chemical re-flocculation

Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

Using Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment (CEPT) as a Pretreatment Option for Anaerobic Digestate from Cattle Manure Digestion System

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