“…cardiomyocytes [7][8][9], hepatocytes [10,11], and endothelial cells [12]. Especially, a large of body of evidence have indicated that mouse, rat, and human bone marrow MSCs can be induced to differentiate to neuron-like cells in culture [13][14][15][16] and further verified by the transplantation experiments in animal models of Parkinson's disease [17], stroke [18,19], cerebral ischemia [20], spinal cord injury [21], and Niemann-Pick disease [22]. However, despite many transplantation studies showing beneficial effects, most studies report low levels of cell persistence and neuronal differentiation in vivo.…”