Treatment of Subacute Infective Endocarditis With Heparin and Chemotherapy

Wt, Cooke; Ab, Taylor

doi:10.1136/hrt.5.4.229

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…Embolism is one of the most frequent and serious complications in IE and is primarily related to the size of the vegetations (Røder et al, 1997;Heiro et al, 2000;Di Salvo et al, 2001;Vilacosta et al, 2002;Thuny et al, 2005;Snygg-Martin et al, 2008;García-Cabrera et al, 2013). Since the early antibiotic era, experimental treatment of patients with IE with antithrombotic medication has been tested with unsuccessful outcome (Cooke and Taylor, 1943). Since then, IE treatment with antibiotic and antithrombic therapy has changed significantly.…”

Section: Antithrombotic Treatment In Infective Endocarditismentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-biofilm Approach in Infective Endocarditis Exposes New Treatment Strategies for Improved Outcome

Lerche

Schwartz

Theut

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infective disease with increasing incidence worldwide. From early on, in the antibiotic era, it was recognized that high-dose and long-term antibiotic therapy was correlated to improved outcome. In addition, for several of the common microbial IE etiologies, the use of combination antibiotic therapy further improves outcome. IE vegetations on affected heart valves from patients and experimental animal models resemble biofilm infections. Besides the recalcitrant nature of IE, the microorganisms often present in an aggregated form, and gradients of bacterial activity in the vegetations can be observed. Even after appropriate antibiotic therapy, such microbial formations can often be identified in surgically removed, infected heart valves. Therefore, persistent or recurrent cases of IE, after apparent initial infection control, can be related to biofilm formation in the heart valve vegetations. On this background, the present review will describe potentially novel non-antibiotic, antimicrobial approaches in IE, with special focus on anti-thrombotic strategies and hyperbaric oxygen therapy targeting the biofilm formation of the infected heart valves caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The format is translational from preclinical models to actual clinical treatment strategies.

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