“…The cost-effective value of the adsorbing approach, along with its ability to efficiently remove dyes, including Congo red, renders it a highly endorsed elimination technique. This approach offers advantages such as excellent eliminating capacity, wide applicability, simplistic recovery and recycling capacity, and affordable manufacturing practices. , Therefore, various types of mono and hybrid structures have been explored to develop effective adsorption agents against dyes. ,, Nevertheless, the key considerations in selecting the most appropriate adsorbents are their manufacturing expenses, natural abundance, rapid kinetic rates, retention effectiveness, adsorption specificity, and reuse and recovery values …”