Objective-T cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL) is a chronic clonal lymphoproliferation of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) often complicated by cytopenias. Because the outcomes of splenectomy in patients with T-LGL have been only sporadically reported we objectively assessed the outcomes of splenectomy.Patients and Methods-When a cohort of 56 T-LGL patients was analyzed, patients with splenomegaly (n=34) and had higher frequency of bi-and pancytopenia than patients with no splenomegaly (70% vs. 27%; p=.001). We identified 15 patients who, in their clinical course, underwent splenectomy and studied their hematological and clinical outcomes.Results-Indications for splenectomy included symptomatic splenomegaly and/or severe refractory cytopenias. Median spleen weight was 1300g, consistent with the diagnosis of splenomegaly; TCR-γ rearrangement and typical T-LGL were detected by immunophenotype in all specimens. There was no surgery-related mortality, with the median follow up and survival of 719 and 498 days, respectively. Two patients died due to causes possibly related to the splenectomized state and/or primary disease. All patients showed lineage-specific hematologic response and achieved transfusion independence; however, precise molecular analysis of TCR and Vβ flow cytometry showed persistence of the LGL clones.Conclusion-We conclude that splenectomy constitutes a viable and safe therapeutic option for patients with T-LGL, splenomegaly and refractory cytopenias.