Treatment of Urinary Schistosomiasis

Forsyth, D.M.; Rashid, Carole

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(65)90338-7

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Paralyzed schistosomes lose their hold on the inner wall of blood vessels and are swept away with the blood stream, S. mansoni to the liver and S. haematobium to the lungs via the vena cava. Upon drug concentration decrease, S. mansoni are capable of regaining their original location in the mesenteric veins, whereas S. haematobium remain trapped in the lungs [23] . This might explain that metrifonate mediates killing of S. haematobium but not S. mansoni .…”

Section: Schistosomicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Therapeutic and Prevention Approaches for Schistosomiasis: Review

Ridi

Tallima

2013

Journal of Advanced Research

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Schistosomiasis is a debilitating disease affecting approximately 600 million people in 74 developing countries, with 800 million, mostly children at risk. To circumvent the threat of having praziquantel (PZQ) as the only drug used for treatment, several PZQ derivatives were synthesized, and drugs destined for other parasites were used with success. A plethora of plant-derived oils and extracts were found to effectively kill juvenile and adult schistosomes, yet none was progressed to pre- and clinical studies except an oleo-gum resin extracted from the stem of Commiphora molmol , myrrh, which action was challenged in several trials. We have proposed an essential fatty acid, a component of our diet and cells, the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (ARA) as a remedy for schistosomiasis, due to its ability to activate the parasite tegument-bound neutral sphingomyelinase, with subsequent hydrolysis of the apical lipid bilayer sphingomyelin molecules, allowing access of specific antibody molecules, and eventual worm attrition. This concept was convincingly supported using larval and adult Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium worms in in vitro experiments, and in vivo studies in inbred mice and outbred hamsters. Even if ARA proves to be an entirely effective and safe therapy for schistosomiasis, it will not prevent reinfection, and accordingly, the need for developing an effective vaccine remains an urgent priority. Our studies have supported the status of S. mansoni calpain, glutathione-S-transferase, aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase, and 2-cys peroxiredoxin as vaccine candidates, as they are larval excreted-secreted products and, contrary to the surface membrane molecules, are entirely accessible to the host immune system effector elements. We have proposed that the use of these molecules, in conjunction with Th2 cytokines-inducing adjuvants for recruiting and activating eosinophils and basophils, will likely lead to development and implementation of a sterilizing vaccine in a near future.

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Section: Schistosomicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Therapeutic and Prevention Approaches for Schistosomiasis: Review

Ridi

Tallima

2013

Journal of Advanced Research

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“…Following its extensive use, however, surprisingly high cure rates have been obtained. Whether this is due to the shift of S. haematobiurn adult worms to the lungs, from which they cannot return, as contrasted with a shift of S. mansoni adults to the liver, from which return to the mesenteric veins is presumably easy (Forsyth, 1965), is uncertain; however, suppressive or spaced therapy using lucanthone hydrochloride in urinary bilharziasis is also effective (Davis, 1963;Jordan, 1966b).…”

Section: --mentioning

confidence: 99%