Treatment of Urinary Schistosomiasis With Niridazole (Ambilhar) in 576 African Schoolchildren

Wolfe, Heather

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(67)92894-2

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…There are several similarities between the findings in Rhodesia, as described by Dr. Clarke, and those of Tanzania, as reported by Davis (1966), Wolfe (1967), andMcMahon andKilala (1966). notably that S. haematobium infections respond better to niridazole than d o infections of S. mansoni.…”

supporting

confidence: 80%

Discussion

McMahon

1969

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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supporting

confidence: 80%

Discussion

McMahon

1969

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…VK and FZ independently assessed the risk of bias of each trial using an assessment form based on the Cochrane Collaboration's 'Risk of bias' tool (Higgins 2008). DS verified the assessment results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis

Kramer

Zhang

Sinclair

et al. 2014

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Urinary schistosomiasis is caused by an intravascular infection with parasitic Schistosoma haematobium worms. The adult worms typically migrate to the venous plexus of the human bladder and excrete eggs which the infected person passes in their urine. Chronic infection can cause substantial morbidity and long‐term complications as the eggs become trapped in human tissues causing inflammation and fibrosis. We summarised evidence of drugs active against the infection. This is new edition of a review first published in 1997. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE and LILACS and reference lists of articles up to 23 May 2014. Selection criteria Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antischistosomal drugs and drug combinations compared to placebo, no intervention, or each other. Data collection and analysis Two researchers independently screened the records, extracted the data and assessed risk of bias. The primary efficacy outcomes were parasitological failure (defined as the continued presence of S. haematobium eggs in the urine at time points greater than one month after treatment), and percent reduction of egg counts from baseline. We presented dichotomous data as risk ratios (RR), and continuous data as mean difference (MD), alongside their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Where appropriate we combined trials in meta analyses or tables. We assessed the quality of evidence using the GRADE approach. Main results We included 30 RCTs enrolling 8165 participants in this review. Twenty‐four trials were conducted in children in sub‐Saharan Africa, and 21 trials were over 20 years old. Many studies were assessed as being at unclear risk of bias due to inadequate descriptions of study methods. Praziquantel On average, a single 40 mg/kg dose of praziquantel reduced the proportion of people still excreting eggs in their urine by around 60% compared to placebo at one to two months after treatment (treatment failure: RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.59, 864 participants, seven trials, high quality evidence ). The proportion of people cured with praziquantel varied substantially between trials, from 22.5% to 83.3%, but was higher than 60% in five of the seven trials. At one to two months following praziquantel treatment at 40 mg/kg, the mean number of schistosome eggs in the urine was reduced by over 95% in five out of six trials (678 participants, six trials, high quality evidence ). Splitting praziquantel 40 mg/kg into two doses over 12 hours probably has no benefits over a single dose, and in a single trial of 220 participants the...

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“…Das Nitrothiazol-Derivat Niridazol (Abbildung 5) wurde in den 60er Jahren von Ciba-Geigy ursprünglich wegen dessen antibakteriellen Wirkung entwickelt. [94][95][96] [97,99] Bei ungefähr 3 % der Erwachsenen wurden allerdings schwere Nebenwirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem beobachtet (Bewusstseinsverlust, Krämpfe). [100] Bei Patienten mit Leber-und Milz-Schistosomiasis (durch S. mansoni) muss die Behandlung in fast 40 % der Fälle wegen neurologischer Nebenwirkungen abgebrochen werden.…”

Section: Niridazolunclassified

Chemotherapie gegen Schistosomiasis

et al. 2013

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Schistosomiasis (Bilharziose) ist nach Malaria die zweithäufigste Krankheit in Afrika. Schätzungsweise 600 Millionen Menschen in über 70 Ländern in den Tropen und Subtropen haben ein hohes Ansteckungsrisiko mit mindestens 200 000 Todesfällen aus 200 Millionen Infizierten pro Jahr. Der Übertragungsweg sämtlicher Schistosoma‐Arten ist der direkte Kontakt mit der in Süßwasser frei schwimmenden Form des Parasiten, den in Schnecken heranwachsenden Zerkarien. In den Blutgefäßen des Wirts versorgen sich die Schistosoma‐Larven und adulte Schistosomen durch den Verdau von roten Blutkörperchen mit Aminosäuren. Impfungen gegen Schistosomiasis waren bislang nicht erfolgreich, und zur Eindämmung der Krankheit existiert zurzeit nur ein einziger Arzneistoff, das seit über 35 Jahren im Einsatz befindliche Praziquantel. Neuerdings kommen zudem Bedenken über ein mögliches Nachlassen der Wirksamkeit der Substanz auf. Deshalb müssen unbedingt neue und sichere antischistosomale Arzneistoffe entwickelt werden, die in Zweifachtherapien zusammen mit Praziquantel eingesetzt werden.

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Treatment of Urinary Schistosomiasis With Niridazole (Ambilhar) in 576 African Schoolchildren

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Discussion

Discussion

Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis

Chemotherapie gegen Schistosomiasis

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