Treatment of wastes in the IFR fuel cycle

Ackerman, J.P.; Johnson, Terry R.; Chow, L.S.H.; Carls, E.L.; Hannum, W.H.; Laidler, J.J.

doi:10.1016/0149-1970(96)00008-x

Cited by 90 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Since the process at present is best suited for metallic fuels and the vast majority of the spent fuel in the United States is an oxide, the process requires either an extra electrochemical step for oxide reduction or a front-end voloxidation process to be compatible with the United States' 104 oxide-fueled light water reactors [2]. Other research lies in selecting and modeling an appropriate waste form for both the metallic fuel, disposal of the fission product-laden salt, and reprocessing off-gas treatment [2,[4][5].…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Properties of LiCl-KCl Molten Salt for Nuclear Waste Separation

Sridharan

Allen

Anderson

et al. 2012

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Properties of LiCl-KCl Molten Salt for Nuclear Waste Separation

Sridharan

Allen

Anderson

et al. 2012

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“…Finally, radioactive facility wastes created during reprocessing operations may also need disposal. Estimates for waste volumes from a pyrometallurgical reprocessing facility are 0.3 m 3 of ceramic waste (containing most of the fission products) and 0.05 m 3 of metal waste (containing some fission products, zirconium from the fuel-alloy, and stainless steel cladding hulls) per MT of fuel processed [31]. The volume of low level wastes generated is expected to be small compared to these high level wastes, because pyrometallurgical processes are able to reuse all their process fluids.…”

Section: System Using Standard Breeder Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable, Full-Scope Nuclear Fission Energy at Planetary Scale

Petroski

Wood

2012

Sustainability

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A nuclear fission-based energy system is described that is capable of supplying the energy needs of all of human civilization for a full range of human energy use scenarios, including both very high rates of energy use and strikingly-large amounts of total energy-utilized. To achieve such "planetary scale sustainability", this nuclear energy system integrates three nascent technologies: uranium extraction from seawater, manifestly safe breeder reactors, and deep borehole disposal of nuclear waste. In addition to these technological components, it also possesses the sociopolitical quality of manifest safety, which involves engineering to a very high degree of safety in a straightforward manner, while concurrently making the safety characteristics of the resulting nuclear systems continually manifest to society as a whole. Near-term aspects of this nuclear system are outlined, and representative parameters given for a system of global scale capable of supplying energy to a planetary population of 10 billion people at a per capita level enjoyed by contemporary Americans, i.e., of a type which might be seen a half-century hence. In addition to being sustainable from a resource standpoint, the described nuclear system is also sustainable with respect to environmental and human health impacts, including those resulting from severe accidents. OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2012, 4 3089

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“…[1][2][3] During pyroprocessing, amounts of waste salts (LiCl-KCl eutectic, NaCl-KCl eutectic or LiCl melts) containing chlorides of TRU and FPs (e.g., alkali, alkaline-earth, and rareearth FPs) are generated. 4,5) These fission products are highly radioactive. Thus, they must be disposed as durable waste forms that are compatible with the environment inside a geologic repository for thousands of years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonate Reaction of Alkaline-Earth Element by Carbonate Agent Injection Method

CHO¹,

Yang²,

Eun³

et al. 2008

J. Nucl. Sci. Technol.

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The carbonate reaction of some alkaline-earth chlorides was investigated by a carbonate agent injection method in LiCl-KCl eutectic salts containing both SrCl 2 and BaCl 2 and LiCl molten salts containing SrCl 2 . The effects of the injected molar ratio of a carbonate agent (Li 2 CO 3 or K 2 CO 3 ) and the temperature (450-750 C) on the conversion efficiencies of the strontium and barium chloride to their carbonates were determined. The forms of strontium and barium carbonate resulting from the carbonate reaction with carbonate agents were identified by XRD and SEM-EDS analyses. In these experiments, the carbonate agent injection method can carbonate strontium and barium chlorides effectively at over 99% under LiCl-KCl eutectic and LiCl molten salt conditions. For LiCl-KCl eutectic molten salts, carbonation efficiency was more favorable in the case of K 2 CO 3 injection than in the case of Li 2 CO injection, where strontium and barium were carbonated in the form of Ba 0:5 Sr 0:5 CO 3 . For LiCl molten salts, strontium was carbonated in the form of SrCO 3 by Li 2 CO 3 injection.

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Treatment of wastes in the IFR fuel cycle

Cited by 90 publications

References 7 publications

Thermal Properties of LiCl-KCl Molten Salt for Nuclear Waste Separation

Thermal Properties of LiCl-KCl Molten Salt for Nuclear Waste Separation

Sustainable, Full-Scope Nuclear Fission Energy at Planetary Scale

Carbonate Reaction of Alkaline-Earth Element by Carbonate Agent Injection Method

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