Treatment outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip: A retrospective study

Abstract

Oral and lip cancer is the most common type of cancer among males in India. Early stage tumours of the lip (stages I and II) are treated with single modality treatment, using either radiotherapy [external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy] or surgery. Locally advanced tumours (stages III and IVa) are treated with surgery followed by adjuvant treatment. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical profile and treatment outcomes of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lip who were treated with radical intent at the Regional Cancer Centre (Thiruvananthapuram, India). For this purpose, a total of 120 patients treated with radical radiotherapy (brachytherapy or EBRT) or surgery with or without adjuvant treatment between January 2010 and December 2016 were eligible for the analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to generate the survival outcomes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the impact of various patient-and tumour-related factors and treatment modality on outcomes. At a median follow-up time of 67.6 months, the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates at 4 years for the entire cohort were 69.1 and 86.7%, respectively. The 4-year OS rates for patients with stage I, II, III and IV disease were 88.9, 95.2, 86.8 and 75.3%, respectively, and the DFS rates were 83.6, 69.5, 78.8 and 42.9%, respectively. Primary tumour (P=0.025), nodal (P=0.005) and composite clinical (P=0.006) stage were found to be significant factors affecting DFS rates in the univariate analysis. However, only the nodal stage (P=0.005) was found to be a significant factor affecting DFS rates in the multivariate analysis. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that the outcomes of patients with lip carcinoma are favourable when treated at the early stages, and the results from this series are in line with those already published.