Treatment, reuse, leaching characteristics and genotoxicity evaluation of electroplating sludge

Pinto, Felipe M.; Pereira, Robson Augusto; Souza, Thallis M.; Saczk, Adelir A.; Magriotis, Zuy M.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111706

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…104 The SHPS leaching toxicity test results above reveal that SHPS is a hazardous waste with leaching toxicity. Pinto et al 75 evaluated the bioavailability and genotoxicity to cells of SHPS. They found a decrease in the germination speed of Lactuca sativa seeds and the appearance of chromosomal aberrations in cytotoxicity tests.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and Leaching Toxicity of Hydrochloric Acid Pickling Sludge Generated from the Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Industry

Zhang

Shu

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Steel hydrochloric acid pickling sludge (SHPS), containing the heavy metals Fe, Zn, and Ni and a high chloride salt content, is considered a type of hazardous solid waste because of its potential harm to human health and the environment. In addition, the SHPS yield is large, but the main treatment currently used is only safe for landfills. Although studying the composition and leaching toxicity of SHPS is of great importance, only a small amount of related literature is available. This paper can help compensate for this deficiency. SHPS is analyzed from the aspects of its formation mechanism, pH, moisture content, elemental concentration, phase composition, microstructure, and leaching toxicity. The results show that its pH ranges from 2.25 to 11.11, and the moisture content ranges from 45.47% to 83.34%. Additionally, the concentration of Fe is the highest, with values from 29.80% to 50.65%, while other alkali metal elements, namely, Ca, K, and Na, have values of 0.36% to 23.07%, 0.02% to 19.82%, and 0.38% to 3.31%, respectively. Heavy metal elements, namely, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Pb, have values of 0.02% to 14.88%, 0.001% to 0.05%, 0.03% to 0.38%, 0.01% to 0.09%, and 0.02% to 0.19%, respectively. Anions, namely, SO 4 2– , Cl – , F – , and NO 3 – , have contents of 0.09% to 0.34%, 0.54% to 5.73%, 0.001% to 0.04%, and 0.01% to 0.15%, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that Fe and Zn are mainly present in oxides, Ca is present as CaO and CaCO 3 , and chlorine is present in NaCl. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the microscopic structure consists mainly of bright and fluffy irregular spheres; stripes; flakes; and dark, very small irregular particles. The leaching toxicity test based on HJ/T 299-2007 (China) was performed, where SHPS samples were treated with a mixed solution of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and pure water (pH = 3.20 ± 0.05) at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 10:1 for a period of 18 h. The leachate was filtered and analyzed for Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn, etc. The leaching results indicate that Zn and Ni are the main elements that cause SHPS to be hazardous to the environment. These research results can provide a reference for later researchers studying the effective treatment of SHPS, such as more effective treatments for reducing toxicity and resource utilization.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and Leaching Toxicity of Hydrochloric Acid Pickling Sludge Generated from the Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Industry

Zhang

Shu

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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“…1,2 SHPS exhibits leaching toxicity, pollutes soil and water, can cause chromosomal aberrations in plants, and causes potential harm to human health. [1][2][3][4] In China, as per the National List of Hazardous Waste (2021 version), 5 SHPS is a hazardous waste; special considerations must be made in the handling of SHPS. Commonly, the yield of SHPS is approximately 30-50 kg per ton of steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on dechlorination salt characteristics of pickling sludge by a water-washing process

Xu,

Yuan

et al. 2024

RSC Adv.

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“…Conventional treatment techniques, such as landfill, incineration, and stabilization/solidification (S/S), are associated with many demerits, including unduly occupying land resources, leaching contaminants into groundwater, and high energy consumption . Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a versatile and robust binder is suitable for immobilizing hazardous wastes and transforming them into value-added construction materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Magnesium Phosphate Cement for Stabilization/Solidification of Zn-Rich Electroplating Sludge

Zhang

Wan

Wang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Electroplating sludge is a hazardous waste due to its high potential to leach toxic elements into the natural environment. To alleviate this issue, we tailored magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) as a low-carbon material for stabilization/solidification (S/S) of Zn-rich electroplating sludge. The interaction between MPC and ZnO was investigated to clarify the precipitate chemistry, microstructure transition, and chemical environment of Zn species in the MPC-treated Zn sludge system. Comprehensive characterization (by X-ray diffraction (XRD), 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS)) and thermodynamic modeling results revealed that the incorporated ZnO preferentially reacted with phosphate to form Zn3(PO4)2·2H2O/Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O, changing the orthophosphate environment in the MPC system. Stronger chemical bonding between Zn and phosphate in comparison to the bonding between Mg and phosphate also resulted in the formation of amorphous Zn3(PO4)2·2H2O/Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O. Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O precipitate appears to predominate at high {K+}{H+}{HPO4 2–} values, and the formation of Zn3(PO4)2·2H2O/Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O competed for the Mg sites in the MPC system, leading to the inhibition of formation of Mg–phosphate precipitates. Overall, this work uncovers the precipitate chemistry and microstructure transition of Zn species in the MPC system, providing new insights into the sustainable S/S of Zn-contaminated wastes by adopting MPC.

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Treatment, reuse, leaching characteristics and genotoxicity evaluation of electroplating sludge

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

Composition and Leaching Toxicity of Hydrochloric Acid Pickling Sludge Generated from the Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Industry

Composition and Leaching Toxicity of Hydrochloric Acid Pickling Sludge Generated from the Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Industry

Study on dechlorination salt characteristics of pickling sludge by a water-washing process

Designing Magnesium Phosphate Cement for Stabilization/Solidification of Zn-Rich Electroplating Sludge

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