Purpose: Campus counseling centers, which oversee the provision of mental health services, can play a vital role in supporting positive outcomes among college students in general; however, little remains known about the effectiveness of campus-based counseling for reducing academic and psychological distress among college students with disabilities. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of individual campus-based counseling for students with disabilities and to determine whether the effectiveness of counseling varied by student disability status. Method: Data for the present study were gathered by the Center for Collegiate Mental Health from the 2016-2019 academic years. Participants consisted of help-seeking students with only psychiatric disabilities (n = 643), students with disabilities other than only psychiatric disabilities (n = 3,833), and students without a disability (n = 54,576). Results: Results indicated that students with disabilities demonstrated significantly fewer reductions in levels of psychological and academic distress than their nondisabled peers, and analyses further revealed variation by disability type. Conclusions: These findings advance our understanding of the effectiveness of campus counseling services for improving pertinent outcomes among help-seeking college students with disabilities. Implications for clinical practice, theory, and future research are discussed.
Impact and ImplicationsThe findings reveal that while students with and without disabilities reported similar levels of general psychological distress at baseline, students with disabilities experienced fewer reductions in academic and psychological distress than students without disabilities over the course of treatment. These results suggest that campus-based counseling may be less effective at addressing and ameliorating academic and psychological stress in students with disabilities in comparison to their peers. Counselors and staff at university counseling centers should be aware of the issues and barriers that students with disabilities may face; however, they should also be mindful of their own implicit assumptions about the capacity of students with disabilities to succeed and should not assume that students' presenting concerns are limited to disability-related issues.