Treatment seeking in cannabis dependence: The role of social cognition

Papinczak, Zoë E.; Connor, Jason P.; Feeney, Gerald F.X.; Young, Ross McD.; Gullo, Matthew J.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.005

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Previous research has not found significant gender differences in the probability of seeking treatment among those who have problems related to cannabis use [ 9 , 13 , 22 ]. It is therefore likely that the observed gender disparity is caused by males more often being heavy and frequent users and being at greater risk of developing cannabis addiction [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our data suggest that cannabis patients suffer from psychosocial problems, here indicated by their relatively low level of education and their lower likelihood of studying and working. Both acute and long-term cannabis use, in particular during adolescence, has been related to impairments in subsequent academic achievement and education, employment and income, as well as social relationships and social roles [ 8 , 10 , 23 , 43 ]. Most cannabis users started using the drug while they were in their teens [ 14 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Who seeks treatment for cannabis use? Registered characteristics and physical, psychological and psychosocial problem indicators among cannabis patients and matched controls

Christiansen

Bretteville-Jensen

2018

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundThere has been an absolute and relative increase in the number of patients with cannabis-related disorders as the principal diagnosis in many countries in recent years. Cannabis is now the most frequently mentioned problem drug reported by new patients in Europe, and cannabis patients constituted one third of all drug treatment patients in 2015. There is limited knowledge with regard to patient characteristics, the extent and types of health and psychosocial problems, as well as their association with long-term outcomes.MethodsWe analysed indicators of physical, psychological and psychosocial problems of all patients admitted to treatment for cannabis use in Norway in 2009 and 2010 using register data and observed them to the end of 2013. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared to a randomly drawn control group with corresponding age and gender distribution. Using logistic regression of prospective data, we studied associations between baseline characteristics and work and study status in 2013.ResultsCannabis patients tended to be relatively young and the large majority were male. They had parents who were less highly educated compared to controls, while there was no difference in migration background. In addition to an increased risk of premature death, nearly half of the patients received a secondary psychological diagnosis and a similar proportion received an additional substance use diagnosis during the 4–5 years of study follow-up. The cannabis patients were less educated than the control group and also less likely to be studying or working at the end of the study period. Entering treatment at a young age, having completed more than secondary education, having a highly-educated mother and not having a secondary diagnosis were factors that were positively associated with being in education or employment at the end of follow-up.ConclusionsData covering the entire Norwegian population of patients admitted primarily for cannabis-related problems showed comprehensive and complex patterns of physical, psychological and psychosocial problems. The prevalence and extent of these problems varied markedly from those of the general population. Work and study outcomes following treatment depended on the seriousness of the condition including co-morbidity as well as social capital.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who seeks treatment for cannabis use? Registered characteristics and physical, psychological and psychosocial problem indicators among cannabis patients and matched controls

Christiansen

Bretteville-Jensen

2018

BMC Public Health

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“…In addition, the CEQ includes several items about anxiety and paranoia on the negative expectancy subscale, which were absent in the MEEQ despite their relation to cannabis use (e.g., D’Souza et al, 2004). The CEQ has a two-factor structure with positive and negative expectancies, and several studies have found that positive expectancies on the CEQ are related to cannabis use frequency, whereas negative expectancies are related to higher cannabis dependence severity, treatment seeking, and abstinence during treatment (Connor et al, 2011, 2014; Gullo et al, 2017; Papinczak et al, 2017, 2019), similar to the MEEQ.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anticipated Effects of Cannabis Scale (AECS): Initial development and validation of an affect- and valence-based expectancy measure.

Waddell¹,

Corbin²,

Meier³

et al. 2021

Psychological Assessment

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Prior research suggests that cannabis expectancies are related to cannabis misuse and problems. Although there are established measures of cannabis expectancies, existing measures have psychometric limitations and/or are lengthy. Existing measures typically have a two-factor structure of positive and negative expectancies, but recent conceptualizations of alcohol expectancies support a valence- (positive vs. negative) and arousal-based (high vs. low arousal) structure. Thus, the present study sought to test a similar structure for cannabis. Cannabis expectancy items underwent 2 preliminary studies, assessing item valance/arousal (n = 233) and relevance to cannabis (n = 124). A final pool of 76 items underwent exploratory factor analysis (n = 303), and remaining items underwent confirmatory factor analysis in a separate sample (n = 469). Lastly, an additional sample (n = 435) examined validity. Results suggested a 3-factor structure (general positive, high arousal negative, low arousal negative) for the 17-item Anticipated Effects of Cannabis Scale (AECS), which was invariant across cannabis use frequency, sex, and race/ethnicity. Positive expectancies were strongly associated with cannabis use, whereas low arousal negative expectancies were protective against cannabis frequency; high arousal negative expectancies were strongly associated with more negative consequences and dependence symptoms. In addition, the proposed interpretation of AECS test scores showed evidence of incremental validity relative to another abbreviated measure. The current study provides initial support for the AECS, a brief, psychometrically sound cannabis expectancies measure. The AECS captures the full range of cannabis effects and may be suited to test discrepancies between cannabis expectancies and subjective response. Additional research is needed to validate its structure and predictive utility.

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“…We will collect six indicators of putative intrapersonal mechanisms of change: (1) attitudes toward cannabis use will be assessed by two items [ 83 ] that capture the perceived acceptability of personal cannabis use on a Likert scale, one positively framed (“Is it ok...?”) and one negatively framed (“How wrong is...?”); (2) the Marijuana Adolescent Problem Inventory [ 84 ], which includes 23 items on perceived cannabis-related consequences, rated on a 0-4 Likert scale; (3) The 6-item Marijuana Effect Expectancy Questionnaire-Brief [ 85 ], which gauges positive and negative expectations of cannabis use [ 90 ]; (4) the Cannabis Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire [ 86 , 87 ], which uses 14 items measuring self-confidence to resist or refuse cannabis; (5) an adapted Readiness to Change Questionnaire [ 88 ], which will assess motivation to reduce cannabis use with 12-items; and (6) descriptive, injunctive, and subjective peer norms of cannabis use [ 33 , 68 ] as collected at baseline in prior phases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Smartphone-Based Adjunct Intervention to Reduce Cannabis Use Among Juvenile Justice-Involved Adolescents: Protocol for a Multiphase Study

Helseth¹,

Guigayoma²,

Price³

et al. 2022

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background Adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system who use cannabis are at an increased risk of future substance use disorders and rearrest. Many court-involved, nonincarcerated (CINI) youth are referred for services in the community and often encounter multiple barriers to care, highlighting the need for minimally burdensome services that can be delivered in justice settings. Digital health interventions are accessible, easy to implement, and can provide ongoing support but have not been developed to address the unique needs of CINI youth who use cannabis. Objective This multiphase study will aim to develop, implement, and pilot test a novel smartphone app, Teen Empowerment through Computerized Health (TECH), to reduce cannabis and other substance use among CINI youth. TECH is conceptualized as a digital adjunct to a brief computerized intervention delivered by our family court partner. Methods Following the principles of user-centered design, phase I interviews with CINI youth aged 14-18 years (n=14-18), their caregivers (n=6-8), and behavioral health app developers (n=6-8) will guide the TECH design decisions. Next, in phase II, CINI youth (n=10) will beta test the TECH app prototype for 1 month; their feedback regarding feasibility and acceptability will directly inform the app refinement process. Finally, in phase III, CINI youth (n=60) will participate in a pilot randomized controlled trial for 6 months, comparing the preliminary effectiveness of the adjunctive TECH app on cannabis use outcomes. Results Phase I data collection began in September 2020 and was completed in December 2021; 14 CINI youth, 8 caregivers, and 11 behavioral health app developers participated in the study. Phases II and III will occur in 2022 and 2023 and 2023 and 2025, respectively. Conclusions This body of work will provide insight into the feasibility and acceptability of a smartphone-based adjunctive intervention designed for CINI youth. Phase III results will offer a preliminary indication of the effectiveness of the TECH app in reducing cannabis use among CINI youth. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/35402

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Treatment seeking in cannabis dependence: The role of social cognition

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Who seeks treatment for cannabis use? Registered characteristics and physical, psychological and psychosocial problem indicators among cannabis patients and matched controls

Who seeks treatment for cannabis use? Registered characteristics and physical, psychological and psychosocial problem indicators among cannabis patients and matched controls

The Anticipated Effects of Cannabis Scale (AECS): Initial development and validation of an affect- and valence-based expectancy measure.

Developing a Smartphone-Based Adjunct Intervention to Reduce Cannabis Use Among Juvenile Justice-Involved Adolescents: Protocol for a Multiphase Study

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