“…One of the most significant and challenging issues facing the substance abuse treatment field is turnover among clinical staff (Eby, Burk, & Maher, 2010;Garner, Hunter, Modisette, Ihnes, & Godley, 2012;Knudsen, Abraham, Roman, & Studts, 2011;McLellan, Carise, & Kleber, 2003;Rothrauff, Abraham, Bride, & Roman, 2011;White & Garner, 2011). Rates are generally high, ranging from 18.5% (Knudsen, Johnson, & Roman, 2003) to 25% (Gallon, Gabriel, & Knudsen, 2003) among direct care staff.…”