“…Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MC1R gene are associated with a fair skin phenotype, and these SNPs are overrepresented in areas of high latitude where their presence has been favored by low ultraviolet burden to maintain the ultraviolet-induced synthesis of vitamin D. 55,56 In general, low RLS prevalence is seen in southern countries: Greece, Turkey, Spain, Portugal, and Italy 4,31-36 ; high prevalence is seen in northern countries: Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and Finland 8,45-51 ; and moderate prevalence is seen in central countries: England, Serbia, Germany, northern Italy, Netherlands, France, and Denmark. 4,35,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]47 Fig. 1 shows a map of Europe, where prevalence is reported per 1000 persons and has been standardized so that prevalence of men and women were averaged (if reported separately), as in a previous publication.…”