Treatment with activated charcoal complicated by gastrointestinal obstruction requiring surgery.

Atkinson, Simon; Young, Yi‐Ho; Trotter, G. A.

doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6853.563

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Though CharXgen and AST-120 were originated from different production methods, they share some similar structures. For traditional activated charcoal, it was not suitable for long term use in absorbing uremic toxins because of its side effects including black stools, constipation or even blockage of the intestinal tract [36]. The darker the colorof the intestines may reflect the higher the dose of activated charcoal taking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CharXgen-Activated Bamboo Charcoal Encapsulated in Sodium Alginate Microsphere as the Absorbent of Uremic Toxins to Retard Kidney Function Deterioration

Lin

Sun

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Indoxyl sulphate (IS) and p-cresyl sulphate (PCS) are two protein bound uraemic toxins accumulated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated with adverse outcomes. The purpose of this study isto evaluate the effect of the new activated charcoal, CharXgen, on renal function protection and lowering serum uraemic toxins in CKD animal model. The physical character of CharXgen was analyzed before and after activation procedure by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The effect of CharXgen on biochemistry and lowering uremic toxins was evaluated by in vitro binding assay and CKD animal model. CharXgen have high interior surface area analyzed by SEM and XRD and have been produced from local bamboo after an activation process. CharXgen was able to effectively absorb IS, p-cresol and phosphate in an in vitro gastrointestinal tract simulation study. The animal study showed that CharXgen did not cause intestine blackening. Serum albuminand liver function did not change after feeding with CharXgen. Moreover, renal function was improved in CKD rats fed with CharXgen as compared to the CKD group, and there were no significant differences in the CKD and the CKD + AST-120 groups. Serum IS and PCS were higher in the CKD group and lower in rats treated with CharXgen and AST-120. In rats treated with CharXgen, Fibroblast growth factor 23 was significantly decreased as compared to the CKD group. This change cannot be found in rats fed with AST-120.It indicates that CharXgen is a new safe and non-toxic activated charcoal having potential in attenuating renal function deterioration and lowering protein-bound uraemic toxins. Whether the introduction of this new charcoal could further have renal protection in CKD patients will need to be investigated further.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CharXgen-Activated Bamboo Charcoal Encapsulated in Sodium Alginate Microsphere as the Absorbent of Uremic Toxins to Retard Kidney Function Deterioration

Lin

Sun

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In rare cases multiple doses have been associated with intestinal faecal impaction, ulceration, gastrointestinal obstruction, ileus, intestinal perforation or appendicitis (Watson et al, 1986;Mizutani et al, 1991;Ray et al, 1988;Atkinson et al, 1992;Goulbourne and Cisek, 1994;Gomez et al, 1994;Eroglu et al, 2003;Dorrington et al, 2003;American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, 1999;Martindale, 2011). In a retrospective survey, 878 patients were identified from tertiary centers in the USA as having received more than 6 doses of activated charcoal at a dose of approximately 1 g/kg bw/day.…”

Section: Treatment Of Acute Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of vegetable carbon (E 153) as a food additive

2012

EFSA Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The EFSA ANS Panel provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of vegetable carbon (E 153). Vegetable carbon has been evaluated previously by the SCF (1977, 1983) and by JECFA (1970, 1977, 1987). Neither Committee established an ADI for vegetable carbon, but the SCF concluded that vegetable carbon could be used in food. The Panel was not provided with a newly submitted dossier and based its evaluation on previous evaluations and additional literature. The Panel considered the available toxicological data too limited to establish an ADI for vegetable carbon. The Panel noted that data on the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of carbon blacks of hydrocarbon origin has been related to the PAHs content of these substances. However, the Panel noted that the margins of exposure for benzo [a]pyrene exposure from vegetable carbon were considerably higher than those estimated from the dietary benzo[a]pyrene exposure.The Panel concluded that at the reported use levels vegetable carbon (E 153) containing less than 1.0 µg/kg of residual carcinogenic PAHs expressed as benzo[a]pyrene is not of safety concern. This was also based on the long history of safe use as a medicinal substance and the knowledge that vegetable carbon is an inert substance which is essentially not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration. The Panel considered that it may be appropriate to introduce in the specifications for vegetable carbon a requirement for residual carcinogenic PAHs expressed as benzo[a]pyrene using a validated analytical method of appropriate sensitivity (e.g. LOD of 0.1 µg/kg). The estimated dietary exposure of European children to vegetable carbon ranged from 3 to 29.7 mg/kg bw/day at the mean, and from 15.3 to 79.1 mg/kg bw/day at the 95 th /97.5 th percentile. The dietary exposure of UK adults was 3.8 mg/kg bw/day at the mean, and 28.1 mg/kg bw/day for high level (97.5 th percentile) consumers.© European Food Safety Authority, 2012. KEY WORDSVegetable carbon, E 153, carbon, CAS Registry Number 7440-44-0, carbon black, CAS Registry Number 1333-86-4, EINECS number 215-609-9, EINECS number 231-153-3.

show abstract

“…Charcoal bezoars are a rare complication of activated charcoal administration. They have been associated with treatments for intoxication with carbamazepine, 1 amitriptyline, 2 theophylline, 3 benzodiazepines and barbiturates 4 , 5 . The parasympatholytic effects of the drugs can precipitate or contribute to paralytic ileus, allowing charcoal to accumulate (potentially with remnants of undigested tablets) and form bezoars.…”

Section: Boxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bezoar causing small bowel obstruction after repeated activated charcoal administration

Chan

Saranasuriya

Waxman

2005

Medical Journal of Australia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Treatment with activated charcoal complicated by gastrointestinal obstruction requiring surgery.

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

CharXgen-Activated Bamboo Charcoal Encapsulated in Sodium Alginate Microsphere as the Absorbent of Uremic Toxins to Retard Kidney Function Deterioration

CharXgen-Activated Bamboo Charcoal Encapsulated in Sodium Alginate Microsphere as the Absorbent of Uremic Toxins to Retard Kidney Function Deterioration

Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of vegetable carbon (E 153) as a food additive

Bezoar causing small bowel obstruction after repeated activated charcoal administration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About