Treatments for Childhood Atopic Dermatitis: an Update on Emerging Therapies

Chu, Chia-Yu

doi:10.1007/s12016-020-08799-1

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…In AD, this can be due to an underlying filaggrin gene mutation, the cutaneous inflammation itself, which disturbs the production of epidermal barrier constituents, or by an altered microbiome. In addition, itch-induced scratching also damages the epidermal barrier by mechanically irritating the skin (1,21).…”

Section: Alarmins and Neuropeptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Itch in Atopic Dermatitis – What Is New?

Legat

2021

Front. Med.

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is among the most frequent inflammatory skin diseases in humans, affecting up to 20% of children and 10% of adults in higher income countries. Chronic pruritus is a disease-defining symptom of AD, representing the most burdensome symptom for patients. Severe chronic pruritus causes significant sleep disturbances and impaired quality of life, as well as increased anxiety, depression and suicidal behavior. Until recently, skin care, topical corticosteroids, and calcineurin-inhibitors were primarily used to treat mild to moderate AD, while phototherapy and immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids, cyclosporine, and methotrexate were used to treat patients with moderate to severe AD. The potential short- and long-term adverse events associated with these treatments or their insufficient therapeutic efficacy limited their use in controlling pruritus and eczema in AD patients over longer periods of time. As our understanding of AD pathophysiology has improved and new systemic and topical treatments have appeared on the market, targeting specific cytokines, receptors, or their intracellular signaling, a new era in atopic dermatitis and pruritus therapy has begun. This review highlights new developments in AD treatment, placing a specific focus on their anti-pruritic effects.

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Section: Alarmins and Neuropeptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Itch in Atopic Dermatitis – What Is New?

Legat

2021

Front. Med.

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“…Therefore, other innovative alternative therapies with promising efficacy and acceptable safety should be considered (61,62). The emerging biological therapeutics are focused on intervening in the inflammatory pathway by targeting specific molecules or their receptors, which may not only provide new prospects for the optimal treatment of AD, but also prevent bone loss and fragility fractures induced by AD (63,64). Meanwhile, large prospective cohort studies are still needed to confirm these associations and identify potential risk factors.…”

Section: Implications For Clinical Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Bone mineral density, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fracture risk in patients with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta- analysis

Wu¹,

Wu²,

Zhou³

et al. 2021

Ann Transl Med

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Background: The relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD) and abnormal bone metabolism remains unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether patients with AD were associated with increased risks of low bone mineral density (BMD), osteopenia, osteoporosis, and related fractures.Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through December 2019 to identify studies that investigated the association between AD and abnormal bone metabolism (including BMD, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and related fractures). The predefined primary outcome was related fractures; secondary outcomes included osteoporosis, osteopenia, and BMD. We calculated the summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model.Results: Ten studies were included in this systematic review. In children and adolescents, four studies investigated the association between AD and BMD; three studies indicated that children and adolescents with AD were associated with an increased risk of low BMD; one study found similar BMD between AD and control groups. In adults, three studies assessed the risk of fracture and were included in the meta-analysis, comprising 562,405 AD patients among 3,171,268 participants. Adults with AD were associated with an increased risk of fracture (OR 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05-1.22; P=0.001). Three studies investigated the association between AD and osteoporosis, which suggested that patients with AD were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis (OR 1.95; 95% CI, 1.18-3.23; P=0.009). Further, patients with AD were associated with increased risks of osteopenia (OR 1.90; 95% CI, 1.51-2.38; P<0.001) and low BMD at the femur and spine.Conclusions: Patients with AD were associated with increased risks of low BMD, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and related fractures. Both clinical studies and basic research are needed to clarify the mechanisms of association between AD and abnormal bone metabolism.

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“… 9 However, reducing the relapse of AD remains a worldwide challenge. 10 Therefore, fuller and further understanding of the immune response mechanism of AD has important theoretical significance for the clinical diagnosis as well as the research of immunotherapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the Potential Therapeutic Targets for Atopic Dermatitis Through the Immune Infiltration Analysis and Construction of a ceRNA Network

Peng¹,

Chen²,

Yin³

et al. 2021

CCID

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Purpose This study was meant to analyze immune infiltration and construct a ceRNA network to explore the new therapeutic targets for atopic dermatitis (AD) through bioinformatics way. Patients and Methods We downloaded the AD patients’ RNA expression profile datasets (GSE63741, GSE124700) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which were analyzed through the GEO2R. We explored the hub genes by the enrichment analysis and the protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Moreover, we estimated immune cell types and their proportions by ImmucellAI. GSE121212 dataset validation was performed to verify the robustness of the hub genes. Then, a ceRNA network was constructed by the miRWalk, miRNet, miRDB, DIANA, TargetScan, and starbase database. Finally, gene expression analysis was performed by using RT-qPCR. Results In total, we detected 22 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which contained 8 downregulated genes and 14 upregulated genes. There were 5 hub genes confirmed as key genes through PPI network analysis and the ROC curves. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that they were significantly enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway and GO analysis showed mainly in the immune cell chemotaxis. The immune infiltration profiles were different between normal controls and AD, and each of the key genes (S100A7, S100A8, S100A9, and LCE3D) was significantly correlated with the main infiltration cell of AD. A lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA ceRNA network containing the key genes was constructed, and NEAT1 and XIST, the core of ceRNA network, were significantly overexpressing verified by RT-qPCR in AD patients. Conclusion Altogether, the key genes and their ceRNA network provided a novel perspective to the immunomodulation of AD, which may be potential and new therapeutic targets for AD.

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Treatments for Childhood Atopic Dermatitis: an Update on Emerging Therapies

Cited by 24 publications

References 112 publications

Itch in Atopic Dermatitis – What Is New?

Itch in Atopic Dermatitis – What Is New?

Bone mineral density, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fracture risk in patients with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta- analysis

Identifying the Potential Therapeutic Targets for Atopic Dermatitis Through the Immune Infiltration Analysis and Construction of a ceRNA Network

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