Tree characteristics related to stem breakage of Picea glehnii and Abies sachalinensis

Nishimura, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.018

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Hence, we found that stands were most vulnerable when the trees were at the transition between the young-resilient and old-resistant developmental stages. Nishimura (2005) observed a unimodal response for snow-and wind-induced stem breakage of Picea glehnii in Japan; the damage peaked in DBH class 32-64 cm. Similarly, Slodičák (1995) suggested that even-aged spruce stands are the most vulnerable to snow damage in the period of growth culmination (pole stand).…”

Section: Explanatory Variablementioning

confidence: 92%

“…The occurrence of wide crowns, which are typical of presently cultivated provenance, can suppress the expected affect of taper. In this regard, Nishimura (2005) found that although the slenderness ratio decreased with diameter expansion and thus provided high stability for large trees, mortality rates owing to stem breakage increased with diameter because estimated snow loads on tree crowns were quite large, i.e., increases in crown dimension with tree age increased tree vulnerability despite increases in stem diameter. Those authors cited above who found that taper was significantly related to snow damage probably worked with provenances that were native to the given region and were therefore adapted to the local conditions and disturbance regimes; in the case of spruce, these native, adapted trees would have had a narrow-crown habitus typical of greater altitudes and latitudes (Jalkanen and Konôpka, 1998).…”

Section: Explanatory Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Snow disturbances in secondary Norway spruce forests in Central Europe: Regression modeling and its implications for forest management

Hlásny

Křístek²,

Holuša

et al. 2011

Forest Ecology and Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Explanatory Variablementioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Explanatory Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Snow disturbances in secondary Norway spruce forests in Central Europe: Regression modeling and its implications for forest management

Hlásny

Křístek²,

Holuša

et al. 2011

Forest Ecology and Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Plants with canopy structures that limit soil-wood contact after death, especially by forming snags (Garber et al, 2005;Wilson & McComb, 2005), will be associated with reduced wood decay rates (van der Wal et al, 2007). Plants with taller and more slender stems (i.e., a greater height : diameter ratio) have a larger proportion of mass away from the stem base and are therefore more likely to break under wind forces (Nishimura, 2005), depositing broken stems onto the ground. However, ultimately the degree of soil-wood contact will be a result of complex interactions between plant traits (e.g., canopy types), stand structure, and disturbance regime.…”

Section: P L a N T T R A I T S A N D T H E Fat E O F C I N W O O D 2439mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant traits and wood fates across the globe: rotted, burned, or consumed?

Cornwell

Cornelissen

Allison

et al. 2009

Global Change Biology

351

379

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wood represents the defining feature of forest systems, and often the carbon in woody debris has a long residence time. Globally, coarse dead wood contains 36-72 Pg C, and understanding what controls the fate of this C is important for predicting C cycle responses to global change. The fate of a piece of wood may include one or more of the following: microbial decomposition, combustion, consumption by insects, and physical degradation. The probability of each fate is a function of both the abiotic environment and the wood traits of the species. The wood produced by different species varies substantially in chemical, micro-and macro-morphological traits; many of these characteristics of living species have 'afterlife' effects on the fate and turnover rate of dead wood. The colonization of dead wood by microbes and their activity depends on a large suite of wood chemical and anatomical traits, as well as whole-plant traits such as stem-diameter distributions. Fire consumption is driven by a slightly narrower range of traits with little dependence on wood anatomy. Wood turnover due to insects mainly depends on wood density and secondary chemistry. Physical degradation is a relatively minor loss pathway for most systems, which depends on wood chemistry and environmental conditions. We conclude that information about the traits of woody plants could be extremely useful for modeling and predicting rates of wood turnover across ecosystems. We demonstrate how this trait-based approach is currently limited by oversimplified treatment of dead wood pools in several leading global C models and by a lack of quantitative empirical data linking woody plant traits with the probability and rate of each turnover pathway. Explicitly including plant traits and woody debris pools in global vegetation climate models would improve predictions of wood turnover and its feedback to climate.

show abstract

“…Lohmander and Helles (1987), Smith et al (1987), Valinger et al (1993), Solantie (1994), Nykanen et al (1997), Papesch et al (1997), Ray and Nicoll (1998), Moore (1999), Moore (2000), Peltola et al (2000), Smiley et al (2000) and Smiley (2008b) have also shown that the force required to pull a tree to failure is related to the physical characteristics of the tree and the soil type in which it is grown in. The relationship between soil type and tree failure has been repeatedly emphasized in previous reports (Smith et al 1987;Moore 1999Moore , 2000Nishimura 2005). This relationship was further supported in an early report by Mergen (1954) who concluded that the distribution and anchoring ability of tree roots are affected by soil texture and consistency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Tree-pulling experiment: an analysis into the mechanical stability of rain trees

Harnas

Indrawan

et al. 2010

Trees

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tree-pulling experiments were conducted in Singapore involving 20 rain trees (Samanea saman) growing in four different soil types (1) structural soil with 80% granite chips and 20% sandy loam soil, (2) structural soil with 50% granite chips and 50% sandy loam soil, (3) in situ soil and (4) top soil. The trees were pulled over with a winch attached to the stem at a standard height of 1.3 m and the force required to uproot or break the trees were recorded. The physical above and below ground characteristics of the trees were also measured. All 20 trees in this study failed via uprooting without any stem fracture. Analysis of the data showed that the maximum resistive bending moment (BM max ) was positively correlated with the overall size of the root plate, the size (diameter) of the individual roots and the extent of crown spread. The dry mass of crown was significantly greater in the 80:20 structural soil treatment while no significant difference was found between the other soil types. The trunk diameter was not significantly different between treatments. Significant differences were observed in the depth of root plates where those grown in top soil had significantly deeper root plates as opposed to the other treatments but though deeper, the vast majority of trees planted in top soil exhibited fibrous rather than structural roots. The cross-sectional area of roots which is indicative of the size of the individual roots showed a significantly greater value in the 80:20 structural treatment while the 50:50 structural and top soil treatments had the lowest values. Significant differences in BM max were only observed in the in situ soil type while the rest of the planting substrates exhibited values that were comparable and not significantly different.

show abstract

Tree characteristics related to stem breakage of Picea glehnii and Abies sachalinensis

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Snow disturbances in secondary Norway spruce forests in Central Europe: Regression modeling and its implications for forest management

Snow disturbances in secondary Norway spruce forests in Central Europe: Regression modeling and its implications for forest management

Plant traits and wood fates across the globe: rotted, burned, or consumed?

Tree-pulling experiment: an analysis into the mechanical stability of rain trees

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About