Tree Growth Under Climate Change: Evidence From Xylogenesis Timings and Kinetics

Vieira, Joana; Carvalho, Ana; Campelo, Filipe

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00090

Cited by 51 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…In recent years, intra-ring anatomical techniques have increasingly been applied to highlight short-term adjustments of xylem structure and morphogenetic responses to intra-annual climate variability in Mediterranean tree species. Studies applying these techniques have yielded the following notable outcomes: frequent bimodal seasonal patterns of morphogenetic processes and legacy effects of previous climatic conditions [68,88,89]; synchronization of cambial activity around relatively wet periods to mitigate the impact of summer drought Vieria et al [109]; differential control of environmental conditions depending on the characteristics of different populations of conduits produced throughout the growing season (e.g., early vs. latewood conduit size and shape) [90]; a strong effect of water availability during tracheid enlargement on final tracheid diameter [91]; differing response strategies between co-existing tree species suggesting that hydraulic- Fig. 4 Long-and short-term adjustments of xylem conduit area (average lumen size).…”

Section: Random Effects Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylem Functional Traits as Indicators of Health in Mediterranean Forests

et al. 2020

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Purpose of Review We conducted a literature survey and meta-analysis to assess, in Mediterranean forests impacted by drought, the role of xylem functional traits as indicators of tree health, and their potential to adjust over a range of climatic conditions to support tree performance and survival. We aimed also to depict the geographic variability of xylem functional traits among Mediterranean forest trees as a tool for regional scale-oriented vulnerability assessment. Recent Findings Associations were investigated among xylem functional traits, hydraulic safety, and whole plant drought resistance for tree species in Mediterranean-type climates. Variable data were available from a number of study cases of Mediterranean forest communities impacted by intense drought, wherein tree growth and xylem functional traits were investigated along with tree decline and dieback episodes. Variable data were available from a number of studies that analyzed xylem trait adjustments to climatic conditions at different temporal scales. Summary We observed differing growth patterns and xylem conduit area responses in healthy and unhealthy trees and we sketched hydraulic strategies that may fit observed patterns. Overall, a clear role of xylem conduit size as stand-alone tree health indicator did not emerge. We showed that xylem traits may adjust along different temporal scales and may support the performance and health of Mediterranean tree species over a range of climatic conditions. We outlined substantial geographic variability in xylem traits across the Mediterranean region, suggesting patchy responses to increasing drought. Knowledge gaps and needed lines of research are highlighted.

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Section: Random Effects Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylem Functional Traits as Indicators of Health in Mediterranean Forests

et al. 2020

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“…The maximum rate of cell production in P. pinaster trees growing in TCH Portugal was observed in March. After this period, the rate of cell production decreased, especially in trees under rain exclusion ( Vieira et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Growth Increments Reveal Local and Regional Climatic Signals in Two Pinus pinaster Populations

2021

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Tree rings are valuable proxies of past climate that allow inferring past growth responses to climate variability and extreme events, which is only possible considering that the relationship between tree growth and environmental conditions is linear and stable over time. However, in the last decades, divergent growth patterns have been observed in trees from the same forest stand, while unprecedented growth convergence was observed between trees from distant locations. Here, we use a new approach that considers convergent and divergent event years in two populations of Pinus pinaster Aiton in an altitudinal and oceanic-continental gradient to investigate what is triggering divergence and convergence in tree growth. The two study sites are Tocha (TCH), a plantation on sand dunes at low altitude near the ocean, and Serra da Estrela (SdE), a mountain plantation located at 1,100 m altitude, 100 km away from the ocean. The analysis of the climatic conditions in convergent growth years revealed that positive convergent growth was related to above average precipitation in previous winter and that negative convergent growth was related to below average precipitation during the growing season. Divergent growth revealed a temperature signal with warmer temperatures in spring promoting growth in SdE and growth reduction in TCH. Convergent growth was associated with a regional climatic signal, reinforcing the importance of precipitation in the Mediterranean region, and divergent growth to site conditions, revealing local adaptation. The information gathered in this study gives valuable insights on the response of P. pinaster to extreme climatic events, allowing for more adjusted management strategies of Mediterranean pine forests.

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“…Wood formation dynamics, i.e. the duration of cell enlargement and cell-wall thickening, indirectly affect micro-density by modulating cell anatomy over the course of the growing season (Butt o et al, 2019;Vieira et al, 2020;Ziaco, 2020). In turn, wood formation dynamics are affected by many signals at the endogenous level, i.e.…”

Section: Effect Of Wood Formation Dynamics On Micro-densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies of black spruce and other conifer species (Cato et al, 2006;Balducci et al, 2016;Cuny et al, 2019;Vieira et al, 2020) have shown that cell-wall thickness increases with the duration of cell-wall deposition, a situation that enables a longer time window for carbon allocation into cell walls (Deslauriers et al, 2016). Contrary to cell enlargement, wall thickening and secondary wall deposition are highly demanding processes in terms of resources, regulated mainly by carbon supply (Deslauriers et al, 2008(Deslauriers et al, , 2016Verban ci c et al, 2018).…”

Section: Effect Of Wood Formation Dynamics On Micro-densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and developmental factors driving xylem anatomy and micro‐density in black spruce

et al. 2021

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Wood density is the product of carbon allocation for structural growth and reflects the trade-off between mechanical support and water conductivity. We tested a conceptual framework based on the assumption that micro-density depends on direct and indirect relationships with endogenous and exogenous factors. The dynamics of wood formation, including timings and rates of cell division, cell enlargement, and secondary wall deposition, were assessed from microcores collected weekly between 2002 and 2016 from five black spruce stands located along a latitudinal gradient in Quebec, Canada. Cell anatomy and micro-density were recorded by anatomical analyses and X-ray measurements. Our structural equation model explained 80% of micro-density variation within the treering with direct effects of wall thickness (r = 0.61), cell diameter (r = À0.51), and photoperiod (r = À0.26). Wood formation dynamics had an indirect effect on micro-density. Micro-density increased under longer periods of cell-wall deposition and shorter durations of enlargement. Our results fill a critical gap in understanding the relationships underlying micro-density variation in conifers. We demonstrated that short-term responses to environmental variations could be overridden by plastic responses that modulate cell differentiation. Our results point to wood formation dynamics as a reliable predictor of carbon allocation in trees.

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Tree Growth Under Climate Change: Evidence From Xylogenesis Timings and Kinetics

Cited by 51 publications

References 57 publications

Xylem Functional Traits as Indicators of Health in Mediterranean Forests

Xylem Functional Traits as Indicators of Health in Mediterranean Forests

Extreme Growth Increments Reveal Local and Regional Climatic Signals in Two Pinus pinaster Populations

Environmental and developmental factors driving xylem anatomy and micro‐density in black spruce

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