Tree peony variegated flowers show a small insertion in the F3’H gene of the acyanic flower parts

Zhang, Yanzhao; Cheng, Yongqiang; Xu, Shuzhen; Ma, Huiping; Han, Jianming

doi:10.1186/s12870-020-02428-x

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Anthocyanins are a group of metabolites involved in the coloration of various plant organs, including flowers, fruits, and tubers ( Tang et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ). There are more than 600 species of anthocyanins in nature, most of which are derived from six well-known anthocyanins: cyanidin, delphinidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, malvidin, and petunidin (proportion of 50%, 12%, 12%, 12%, 7%, and 7%, respectively; Castañeda-Ovando et al, 2009 ; Jaakola, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome Revealed the Mechanism of Petal Coloration in Bauhinia variegata

et al. 2022

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Bauhinia variegata petals are colorful, rich in anthocyanins, and have ornamental, nutritional, and medicinal value. However, the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in B. variegata remains unclear. In this study, a combined analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome was performed in red and white B. variegata cultivars in the early, middle, and blooming stages. A total of 46 different anthocyanins were identified, of which 27 showed marked differences in accumulation between the two cultivars, and contribute to their different petal colors. Malvidin 3-O-galactoside, peonidin 3-O-galactoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, and malvidin 3-O-glucoside were much more abundant in the second stage of flowering. In the blooming stage, except for the anthocyanins mentioned, delphinidin 3-O-galactoside and petunidin 3-O-galactoside were the most abundant anthocyanins in the red flowers, indicating that malvidin, peonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, and petunidin were all responsible for the red color of petals in B. variegata. RNA sequencing identified 2,431 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 26 were involved in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. Correlations between the anthocyanin biosynthesis-related DEGs and anthocyanin contents were explored, and the DEGs involved in anthocyanin accumulation in B. variegata petals were identified. Eighteen of these DEGs encoded key catalytic enzymes, such as anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and flavonoid-3′5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), and 17 of them encoded transcription factors (TFs) belonging to 14 families (including MYB, NAC, SPL, ERF, and CHR28). These results improve our understanding of the roles of anthocyanins, catalytic enzymes, and TFs in B. variegata petal-color expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome Revealed the Mechanism of Petal Coloration in Bauhinia variegata

et al. 2022

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“…The anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was reported as early as 1995 (Holton and Cornish, 1995), and the functions of key genes in the pathway have been explored in recent studies. For example, Zhang Y. et al (2020) found that the six-base insertion mutation of PsF3 H upregulated the expression of PsFLS, resulting in difference in anthocyanin accumulation and acyanic flowers in P. suffruticosa. Considering the difference in anthocyanin contents among these C. japonica petals, two genes (CjANS, CSS0029211; Cj4CL, CSS0016246) among the 37 DEGs in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway were identified.…”

Section: Key Structural Genes Responsible For Anthocyanin Synthesis In Camellia Japonica Petalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Regulatory Mechanism of Color Diversity in Camellia japonica Petals by Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis

Xu²,

Zheng

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Camellia japonica petals are colorful, rich in anthocyanins, and possess important ornamental, edible, and medicinal value. However, the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in C. japonica is still unclear. In this study, an integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome was conducted in five C. japonica cultivars with different petal colors. Overall, a total of 187 flavonoids were identified (including 25 anthocyanins), and 11 anthocyanins were markedly differentially accumulated among these petals, contributing to the different petal colors in C. japonica. Moreover, cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl) glucoside was confirmed as the main contributor to the red petal phenotype, while cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside were responsible for the deep coloration of the C. japonica petals. Furthermore, a total of 12,531 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and overlapping DEGs (634 DEGs) were identified by RNA sequencing, and the correlation between the expression level of the DEGs and the anthocyanin content was explored. The candidate genes regulating anthocyanin accumulation in the C. japonica petals were identified and included 37 structural genes (especially CjANS and Cj4CL), 18 keys differentially expressed transcription factors (such as GATA, MYB, bHLH, WRKY, and NAC), and 16 other regulators (mainly including transporter proteins, zinc-finger proteins, and others). Our results provide new insights for elucidating the function of anthocyanins in C. japonica petal color expression.

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“…Previous research demonstrated that the spot formation at the petal base of tree peony was primarily attributed to the spatial biosynthesis of cyanidin (Cy) and peonidin (Pn) anthocyanins (Zhang et al, 2015 ; Shi et al, 2017 ). The anthocyanin structural genes and anthocyanin regulatory MYBs have been identified in tree peony cultivars, including PsMYB114L, PsMYB12L, PsMYB12, PsMYB111, PsMYB4, PsMYB57 , and PsMYB58 (Gu et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2019 , 2020a , b ; Luo et al, 2021 ). Among them, PsMYB12 directly activated the expression of PsCHS by forming an MBW regulatory complex with bHLH and WD40 proteins, which were specific to the petal blotch in tree peony cultivar “Qing Hai Hu Yin Bo” (Gu et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PrMYB5 activates anthocyanin biosynthetic PrDFR to promote the distinct pigmentation pattern in the petal of Paeonia rockii

et al. 2022

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Paeonia rockii is well-known for its distinctive large dark-purple spot at the white petal base and has been considered to be the main genetic source of spotted tree peony cultivars. In this study, the petal base and petal background of Paeonia ostii (pure white petals without any spot), P. rockii, and other three tree peony cultivars were sampled at four blooming stages from the small bell-like bud stage to the initial blooming stage. There is a distinct difference between the pigmentation processes of spots and petal backgrounds; the spot pigmentation was about 10 days earlier than the petal background. Moreover, the cyanin and peonidin type anthocyanin accumulation at the petal base mainly contributed to the petal spot formation. Then, we identified a C1 subgroup R2R3-MYB transcription factor, PrMYB5, predominantly transcribing at the petal base. This is extremely consistent with PrDFR and PrANS expression, the contents of anthocyanins, and spot formation. Furthermore, PrMYB5 could bind to and activate the promoter of PrDFR in yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays, which was further verified in overexpression of PrMYB5 in tobacco and PrMYB5-silenced petals of P. rockii by comparing the color change, anthocyanin contents, and gene expression. In summary, these results shed light on the mechanism of petal spot formation in P. rockii and speed up the molecular breeding process of tree peony cultivars with novel spot pigmentation patterns.

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Tree peony variegated flowers show a small insertion in the F3’H gene of the acyanic flower parts

Cited by 31 publications

References 57 publications

Combined Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome Revealed the Mechanism of Petal Coloration in Bauhinia variegata

Combined Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome Revealed the Mechanism of Petal Coloration in Bauhinia variegata

Unraveling the Regulatory Mechanism of Color Diversity in Camellia japonica Petals by Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis

PrMYB5 activates anthocyanin biosynthetic PrDFR to promote the distinct pigmentation pattern in the petal of Paeonia rockii

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