TREE: Routing strategy with guarantee of QoS for industrial wireless sensor networks

Abstract

As considerable progress has been made in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), we can expect that sensor nodes will be applied in industrial applications. Most available techniques for WSNs can be transplanted to industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs). However, there are new requirements of quality of service (QoS), that is, real-time routing, energy efficiency, and transmission reliability, which are three main performance indices of routing design for IWSNs. As one-hop neighborhood information is often inadequate to data routing in IWSNs, it is difficult to use the conventional routing methods. In the paper, we propose the routing strategy by taking the real-time routing performance, transmission reliability, and energy efficiency (TREE, triple R and double E) into considerations. For that, each sensor node should improve the capability of search range in the phase of data route discovery. Because of the increase of available information in the enlarged search range, sensor node can select more suitable relay node per hop. The real-time data routes with lower energy cost and better transmission reliability will be used in our proposed routing guideline. By comparing with other routing methods through extensive experimental results, our distributed routing proposal can guarantee the diversified QoS requirements in industrial applications. Copyright Different from the common methods used in the industrial data communication such as Fieldbus and Industrial Ethernet, there is a pressing need to reconsider the requirements of quality of service (QoS) in industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs), that is, energy awareness [6, 7], real-time data transmission [8,9], and reliable data transmission [10,11], because the actuators interpret and execute the correct control instructions from the central controller. The real-time performance for such networks means that the accumulated time delay of monitoring data from the source node to the sink should be less than the required time bound. For instance, in the oil leak monitoring system, the ineffective monitoring data will cause a great loss to oil transport. From another perspective, wireless sensor nodes are usually powered with limited energy resources, and it is difficult to recharge or replace their batteries. Therefore, the energy efficiency is another important issue needed to be further studied, and the communication loads among sensor nodes should be evenly distributed in order to maintain link connectivity and prolong network lifetimes in IWSNs.Generally speaking, the guarantee of QoS to IWSNs should consider multiple factors, for example, electromagnetic interferences, accidental death of sensor node, dynamic network topology, low processing capability, and small memory capacity [12]. Several works have studied these issues from the perspective of different network layers. Herein, routing protocols regulate and specify how the routers communicate with each other, and they also instruct that how the information can be disseminated to enable sensor nodes to sel...

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