Tree species diversity in Kalidhar forest of western Shiwaliks, Jammu, JK (UT)

Abstract

The present study was conducted in Kalidhar forest of western Shiwaliks, Jammu, JK (UT), to assess the tree diversity and undertake phytosociological analysis in three major land use (LU) classes i.e. Forest, Agriculture and Scrub area. A total of 70, 50 and 50 sample plots of 0.1 ha were laid respectively in forests, scrub and agriculture LU classes. The study revealed that in forests possess a total 39 tree species belonging to 19 families and 31 genera, whereas, in scrub and agriculture lands a total of 9 tree species (8 families and 9 genera) and 60 tree species (26 families and 46 genera) were recorded respectively. Mallotus philippensis was the most dense tree species with 2.85 individuals per ha in forests followed by Pinus roxburghii 2.06 per hectare. In scrub and agriculture land Acacia modesta and Grewia optiva were found the densest species respectively. The value of Importance value index (IVI) was found highest for Pinus roxburhii (44.63) in forests, whereas, respective values were recorded highest for Syzygium cumini (82.64) and Grewia optiva (29.0) in scrub and agriculture lands. Flacourtia indica and Pinus roxburghii showed random distribution in forest and Syzygium cumini was also found to have random distribution in the scrub lands. Contiguous distribution was found for all tree species encountered in agriculture (LU) class. The diversity values of Shannon Wiener and Simpson indices showed highest tree diversity in agriculture lands with the values of 3.19 and 0.07 respectively followed by that in forests (2.47 and 0.14). Tree species richness was found high in agriculture area with Margalef’s (59.86) and Menhinick’s (1.80).

Diversity and Ethnobotany of tree species in subtropical region of Jammu Shivalik’s range of NorthWestern India: A depository of knowledge for People’s Biodiversity Register

“…But it is quite lower in comparison to the 197 plants from 87 families and 174 genera from Kathua district (Rao et al, 2015); 162 tree species from primary forests of Garo Hills, India (Kumar et al, 2006). Similar studies were done in J & K, where 35 plants species were recorded from shiwalik mountains of Azad J&K (Khanum et al, 2022); 39 trees species from kalidhar forest range of western shiwaliks (Sharma and Kumar, 2021); (Jan et al, 2021) reported 60 plant species belonging to 35 families in the temperate forest; 213 vascular plant species from mixed subtropical and temperate forests of Devi Pindiyan valley in trikuta hills of Northwest Himalaya (Thakur et al, 2019); 323 plant species from lower shiwalik hills (Sharma et al, 2015); 190 species from hills of north western Himalayas (Dutt et al, 2015). Although Protected Areas (PAs) play a key role for the harbouring elusive flora and fauna similarly our study area encompasses 3 wildlife sanctuaries (Nandni WLS, Surinsar-Mansar WLS-some part in samba and Ramnagar WLS) but we excluded the sanctuaries because our motive was to document trees species near to the villages and settlements in peri urban areas.…”